47) Intelligent techniques include CAD and VRML.
48) Knowledge workers include all of a company’s workers who are tasked with managing or
creating knowledge, from top-level scientists to clerical and data workers.
49) VRML requires the use of a powerful server as well as large amounts of bandwidth.
50) Why are knowledge workers so important to the digital firm? What are their functions and
which of these do you feel is most critical to the success of the firm? Why?
51) Identify three important qualities or capabilities of knowledge work systems.
52) Discuss the concept of virtual reality, especially with regard to VRML and its applications in
the business arena.
53) Apple’s Siri application is an example of
A) neural networks.
B) CBR.
C) artificial intelligence.
D) intelligent agents.
E) machine learning.
54) Which of the following is not used to capture tacit knowledge?
A) expert system
B) case-based reasoning
C) fuzzy logic
D) neural network
E) knowledge base
55) Which of the following is a type of intelligent technique?
A) digital asset management
B) case-based reasoning
C) computer-aided design
D) VRML
E) LMS
56) Which of the following techniques is used for knowledge discovery?
A) expert system
B) transaction processing systems
C) case-based reasoning
D) data mining
E) fuzzy logic
57) Technology that consists of computer-based systems that attempt to emulate human behavior
is called
A) fuzzy logic.
B) neural networks.
C) AI technology.
D) genetic algorithms.
E) learning management systems.
58) An inference engine is
A) a strategy for searching the rule base in case-based reasoning.
B) the programming environment of an expert system.
C) a method of organizing expert system knowledge into chunks.
D) a strategy used to search through the rule base in an expert system by forward chaining or
backward chaining.
E) a programming algorithm used to create a virtual world using VRML.
59) Forward chaining is
A) a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with information entered
by the user.
B) the programming environment of an expert system.
C) a method of organizing expert system knowledge into chunks.
D) a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with a hypothesis.
E) a programming algorithm used to create a virtual world using VRML.
60) Backward chaining is
A) a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with information entered
by the user.
B) the programming environment of an expert system.
C) a method of organizing expert system knowledge into chunks.
D) a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with a hypothesis.
E) a programming algorithm used to create a virtual world using VRML.
61) Expert systems
A) solve problems too difficult for human experts.
B) are based on DO WHILE rules.
C) work in very limited domains.
D) share characteristics with mainframe computing.
E) are used for knowledge discovery.
62) Virtually all expert systems deal with problems of
A) policy development.
B) classification.
C) logic and control.
D) high complexity.
E) imprecise rules.
63) Expert systems are expensive and time consuming to maintain because
A) their rule base is so complex.
B) they rely on equipment that becomes outdated.
C) their rules must be reprogrammed every time there is a change in the environment, which in
turn may change the applicable rules.
D) only the person who created the system knows exactly how it works, and may not be
available when changes are needed.
E) it is difficult to program at this level of complexity without introducing software bugs.
64) In this technique, descriptions of past experiences of human specialists are stored in a
database for later retrieval when the user encounters a situation with similar characteristics.
A) CBR
B) fuzzy logic
C) data mining
D) LMS
E) expert systems
65) Your company wants to develop intelligent techniques to create a “smart” oven that can
perfectly cook basic foodstuffs, such as roasts and bread, using sensors and minimal input from
the user. The system would know the difference between rare, medium rare, medium, and well
done roasts. The category of intelligent technique that would describe this system is
A) expert system.
B) neural network.
C) case-based reasoning.
D) fuzzy logic.
E) genetic algorithm.
66) You are an automotive engineer working on an application that will automatically parallel
park a car. The intelligent technique you may find most useful is
A) case-based reasoning.
B) artificial intelligence.
C) fuzzy logic.
D) expert system.
E) a neural network.
67) Fuzzy logic is a type of
A) data mining.
B) neural network.
C) intelligent technique.
D) business intelligence.
E) case-based reasoning.
68) Hardware and software that attempt to emulate the processing patterns of the biological brain
best describe
A) a neural network.
B) an expert system.
C) case-based reasoning.
D) fuzzy logic.
E) artificial intelligence.
69) Which of the following describes a difference between neural networks and genetic
algorithms?
A) Genetic algorithms are designed to process large amounts of information.
B) Genetic algorithms are a type of knowledge discovery, while neural networks are an
intelligent technique.
C) Neural networks are programmed to “learn.”
D) Genetic algorithms are designed to work with small amounts of data, while neural networks
can handle large quantities of data.
E) Neural networks are a type of machine learning, whereas genetic algorithms are static
programs.
70) Genetic algorithms
A) develop solutions to particular problems using fitness, crossover, and mutation.
B) represent knowledge as groups of characteristics.
C) do not work for most problems.
D) are based on logic.
E) seek to emulate a human expert’s way of solving problems.
71) Software programs that work without direct human intervention to carry out specific tasks
for individual users, business processes, or software applications, are called
A) intelligent agents.
B) intelligent techniques.
C) business intelligence.
D) AI hybrid systems.
E) genetic algorithms.
72) What type of intelligent technique helped Procter & Gamble determine the most efficient
methods for their trucks to deliver goods?
A) fuzzy logic
B) intelligent agents
C) genetic algorithms
D) neural networks
E) CBR
73) To automate routine tasks to help firms search for and filter information for use in electronic
commerce and supply chain management a firm would most likely use
A) CAD systems.
B) virtual reality systems.
C) fuzzy logic systems.
D) intelligent agents.
E) genetic algorithms.
74) ________ is the study of how computer programs can improve their performance without
explicit programming.
A) Neural networks
B) COP
C) Genetic algorithms
D) Machine learning
E) Intelligent techniques
75) The terms used in a fuzzy logic system to describe imprecise states or conditions are referred
to as
A) neural networks.
B) membership functions.
C) inference engines.
D) taxonomies.
E) tags.
76) Which type of intelligent agent models the behavior of consumers, stock markets, and more,
by seeing them as autonomous agents that follow relatively simple rules for interaction?
A) agent-based modeling
B) MOOC
C) augmented reality
D) VRML
E) genetic algorithm
77) The model of human knowledge used by expert systems is referred to as
A) the knowledge base.
B) CBR.
C) a neural network.
D) AI.
E) an inference engine.
78) A(n) ________ is a type of intelligent technique that finds patterns and relationships in
massive data sets too large for a human to analyze.
A) inference engine
B) CAD
C) expert system
D) genetic algorithm
E) neural network
79) Systems that integrate different types of techniques, such as genetic algorithms, fuzzy logic,
neural networks, and expert systems, into a single application are called ________ systems.
A) differential intelligence
B) hybrid AI
C) machine learning
D) enterprise learning
E) CAD
80) Expert systems are the primary tools used for knowledge discovery.
81) Expert systems capture the knowledge of skilled employees in the form of a set of rules in a
software system that can be used by others in the organization.
82) Expert systems are typically used in business in discrete, highly structured decision-making
situations.
83) Expert systems work by applying a set of AND/OR rules against a knowledge base, both of
which are extracted from human experts.
84) Case-based reasoning is not well-suited for diagnostic systems in medicine.
85) Fuzzy logic can describe a particular phenomenon or process linguistically and then
represent that description in a small number of flexible rules.
86) Fuzzy logic systems “learn” patterns from large quantities of data by sifting through data,
searching for relationships, building models, and correcting over and over again the model’s own
mistakes.
87) Because neural network applications cannot always explain why they arrive at a particular
solution, they are not well suited for use in the medical profession.
88) Hybrid AI applications are being implemented in home appliances, such as washing
machines.
89) Intelligent agents can discover underlying patterns, categories, and behaviors in large data
sets.
90) What is the difference between a neural network, fuzzy logic, and genetic algorithms? Which
would be most useful to an organization of astronomers analyzing gamma ray emissions
reaching Earth?