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66. After World War I, attention shifted away from scientific management to understanding the role of _____________ in
organizations.
a.
managerial corruption
b.
law and politics
c.
gender and sexual harassment
d.
religion and spirituality
e.
human factors and psychology
e
67. The __________ effect occurs when people improve some aspect of their behavior or performance because they know
that they are being assessed.
a.
Hamilton
b.
Henricks
c.
Hawthorne
d.
Hampton
e.
Hoover
c
68. Deming’s ______________ cycle of continuous improvement promoted the adoption of 14 principles to make any
organization efficient and capable of solving almost any problem.
a.
plan-do-check-act
b.
plan-check-act-do
c.
act–do-check-plan
d.
act-plan-check-do
e.
check-plan-act-do
a
69. Deming felt that when things go wrong, there is a 94 percent chance that the ________ rather than the __________ is
the cause.
a.
user, technology
b.
technology, user
c.
system, worker
d.
worker, system
e.
organization, environment
c
70.
Decades of research have reinforced some of what many people intuitively believe about OB and identified common
misunderstandings, Which of the following questions could NOT be answered as a result of this research into OB?
a.
What goal level will best motivate my employees?
b.
How important is job satisfaction to job performance?
c.
Should I seek a promotion with a competing firm?
d.
Is stress always bad?
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c
71. The _________ method relies on systematic studies that identify and replicate a result using a variety of methods,
samples, and settings.
a.
philosophical
b.
statistical
c.
mathematical
d.
scientific
e.
humanist
72. What is the term for a written prediction specifying expected relationships between certain variables?
a.
hypothesis
b.
theory
c.
prophecy
d.
correlation
e.
statistic
a
73. A _________ is a collection of verbal and symbolic assertions that specify how and why variables are related, and the
conditions under which they should and should not relate.
a.
hypothesis
b.
theory
c.
data set
d.
fact
e.
statistic
74. Which of the following is a hypothesis?
a.
Setting a goal will be positively related to the number of products assembled.
b.
A researcher found a .8 correlation between goal-setting and productivity.
c.
Personally, I am more productive when I set goals.
d.
I wonder if there is a relationship between goal-setting and productivity.
e.
There is no way to determine whether goal-setting is positively or negatively related to productivity.
a
75. The _________ variable in an experiment is predicted to affect something else.
a.
dependent
b.
independent
c.
codependent
d.
interdependent
e.
measured
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76. The _________ variable in an experiment is predicted to be affected by something else.
a.
dependent
b.
independent
c.
codependent
d.
interdependent
e.
control
a
77. A researcher hypothesizes that the age of employees influences their awareness of diversity. In this example, age is the
_____________ and diversity awareness is the ____________.
a.
variable, control
b.
theory, correlation
c.
correlation, theory
d.
independent variable, dependent variable
e.
dependent variable, independent variable
d
78. A _______________ reflects the size and strength of the statistical relationship between two variables.
a.
correlation
b.
mean
c.
mode
d.
standard deviation
e.
range
a
79. What letter is used to refer to a correlation?
a.
r
b.
f
c.
p
d.
n
e.
c
a
80. What is the range of correlations?
a.
0 to 10
b.
1 to 10
c.
0 to 100
d.
–10 to 10
e.
-1 to 1
e
81. What type of relationship is indicated by a correlation of .9?
a.
a strong, positive relationship
b.
a weak, positive relationship
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c.
no relationship
d.
a weak, negative relationship
e.
a strong, negative relationship
a
82. A researcher is studying the relationship between age and diversity awareness and finds a negative correlation. What
does that mean?
a.
As age increases, diversity awareness increases.
b.
As age decreases, diversity awareness decreases.
c.
As age increases, diversity awareness decreases.
d.
A person’s age doesn’t affect her level of diversity awareness.
e.
The study was inconclusive.
c
83. __________ is a statistical technique used to combine the results of many different research studies done in a variety
of organizations and for a variety of jobs.
a.
Standard deviation
b.
Path analysis
c.
Analysis of variance
d.
Regression
e.
Meta-analysis
e
84. An understanding of OB can help organizations to prevent all of the following problems EXCEPT
a.
unhappy employees
b.
weak leadership
c.
lack of direction
d.
stagnating profits
e.
loss of market share.
e
85. Investing now in developing your OB skills will do all of the following EXCEPT
a.
prepare you to be a more effective employee
b.
prepare you to be a more effective manager
c.
prepare you to be a more effective leader
d.
help you to move up faster in any organization
e.
help you to improve your technical skills.
e
86. Most service-quality experts say that _______ is the most critical element in building a customer-oriented company.
a.
talent
b.
management
c.
ethics
d.
compensation
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e.
communication
a
87. Seline runs a small company that sells medical software. She has devised a process by which her company is able to
develop new versions of the software relatively quickly and with almost no bugs. However, Seline believes that the
success of this process hinges on her company’s unique makeup and the type of product it produces; she does not
believe that most software companies could use her process to any great effect. Seline’s views embody which type of
perspective?
a.
scientific
b.
universal
c.
situational
d.
interactional
e.
pessimistic
c
88. Which of the following is NOT a facet of human resource management?
a.
developing incentives to motivate employees
b.
developing incentives to use fewer employees
c.
creating programs to develop employees’ skills
d.
developing incentives to retain employees
e.
attracting high quality employees
89. Scientific management achieved which of the following?
a.
it decreased the monotony of work
b.
it was eagerly accepted by workers
c.
it gave workers control over their jobs
d.
it increased productivity
e.
it saw wide use for over a century
90. Which of the following is NOT a dysfunctional behavior?
a.
absenteeism
b.
asking for a raise
c.
turnover
d.
sabotage
e.
rudeness
91. Turnover occurs when people
a.
are called to jury duty
b.
feign illness
c.
get fired
d.
quit their jobs
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e.
get promoted
92. What term refers to discretionary behaviors that benefit the organization but are not formally rewarded or
required?
a.
organizational commitment
b.
organizational citizenship
c.
affective commitment
d.
normative commitment
e.
subjective responsibility
Multiple Response
93. Which of the following are examples of technical skills? Select as many as apply.
a.
identifying which employee survey responses are likely to predict subsequent turnover
b.
figuring out why the number of quality applicants to a 5-star restaurant is decreasing
c.
coming up with a new product idea that will help your organization dominate a competitive market
d.
persuading an employee to take on additional work during a busy shift
e.
ensuring that a piece of medical software is in compliance with HIPAA regulations
94. Which of the following are examples of diagnostic skills? Select as many as apply.
a.
designing a new logo for a major advertising client
b.
figuring out why the number of quality applicants to a 5-star restaurant is decreasing
c.
deciding whether or not to undertake a risky acquisition
d.
providing negative feedback to an employee in a way that will correct her behavior without discouraging her
e.
writing software code for a new search engine
95. Which of the following are examples of interpersonal skills? Select as many as apply.
a.
designing a new logo for a major advertising client
b.
figuring out why the number of quality applicants to a 5-star restaurant is decreasing
c.
coming up with a new product idea that will help your organization dominate a competitive market
d.
persuading an employee to take on additional work during a busy shift
e.
writing software code for a new search engine
96. Which of the following are examples of conceptual skills? Select as many as apply.
a.
figuring out which of two mutually exclusive market opportunities to pursue
b.
deciding whether to undertake a risky acquisition
c.
coming up with a new product idea that will help your organization dominate a competitive market
d.
persuading an employee to take on additional work during a busy shift
e.
determining which of three CEO candidates has the vision that is most compatible with the needs of the
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company
a, b, c, e
97. Walmart is famous for exemplifying the cost leadership strategy. Which of the following is Walmart likely to
do? Select as many as apply.
a.
keep prices as low as possible
b.
keep expenses as low as possible
c.
rely heavily on low-wage employees
d.
automate as few jobs as possible.
e.
automate as many jobs as possible
a, b, c, e
98. Which of the following is an example of a company employing a specialization strategy? Select as many as apply.
a.
Walmart decides to pressure its suppliers to keep costs as low as possible.
b.
Apple decides to create a phone that is unlike any other phone on the market.
c.
Harley Davidson decides that it will only manufacture motorcycles, not cars or other types of vehicles
d.
Dunkin’ Donuts decides to focus on selling donuts rather than a variety of baked goods
e.
Starbucks decides against opening any kind of store location other than a coffee shop.
c, d, e
Completion
99. ___________________________________ can be defined as the study of human behavior in organizational settings,
the interface between human behavior and the organization, and the organization itself.
Organizational behavior
100. Regardless of size, scope, or location, all organizations have at least one thing in common: they are made up of
____________________.
people
101. Organizational behavior is not defined as a business ____________________.
function
102. By designing jobs and establishing patterns of authority, the manager is performing the ____________________
function.
organizing
103. ____________________ is the process of motivating employees of an organization to work together toward the
organization’s goals.
Leading
104. Performance evaluation and reward systems apply to the ____________________ function.
controlling
105. ___________________________________ allow managers to better understand cause-and-effect relationships and
to recognize the optimal solution to problems.
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Chapter 01—An Overview of Organizational Behavior
Diagnostic skills
106. A(n) ____________________ is an interrelated set of elements functioning as a whole.
system
107. Products and services, profits and losses, and employee behaviors are all types of ____________________ that an
organizational system releases to the environment.
outputs
108. Managers, office equipment, funds from stockholders, and sales forecasts are all examples of
____________________ to an organizational system.
inputs
Matching
Match each work outcome with the corresponding organizational behavior concept. What is each behavior an example of?
a.
Susan declines to take a job with another company even though it offers a higher salary and better benfits.
b.
Lydia steals, on average, 1-2 office staplers per month.
c.
Peter is beloved by his coworkers and boss, but he is actively looking for a higher-paying job.
d.
Hernando voluntarily creates a video guide for his coworkers explaining how to use the company’s spreadsheet
software.
e.
Bob sells, on average, 4-5 dining sets per week.
109. productivity
e
110. performance
111. dysfunctional behavior
112. organizational commitment
a
113. lack of organizational commitment
c
Match each term with its definition.
a.
System
b.
Universal perspective
c.
Situational perspective
d.
Interactionalism
e.
Scientific management
114. Individuals and situations interact continuously to determine individuals’ behavior
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Chapter 01—An Overview of Organizational Behavior
115. There exists “one best way” that could be used in any organization, under any conditions, to achieve positive
outcomes
116. An interrelated set of elements that function as a whole
a
117. Productivity is maximized when organizations are rationalized with precise sets of instructions based on time-and-
motion studies
e
118. In most organizations, situations and outcomes are influenced by other variables
c
Ordering
119. Order the steps of the scientific method, from first to last.
a.
data
b.
hypothesis
c.
verification
d.
theory
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Chapter 01—An Overview of Organizational Behavior
120.
The diagram above shows the framework of the book. Order the fundamental questions that each section answers, from 1
to 6.
a.
Why do individuals do what they do?
b.
What makes managers and organizations effective?
c.
Why does leadership matter?
d.
Why do groups and teams do what they do?
e.
How does the environment matter?
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f.
How do organizational characteristics influence effectiveness?
Essay
121. Explain why it is important for managers to have a good understanding of organizational behavior.
122. Discuss the four basic managerial functions and how they related to organizational behavior.
123. Identify, discuss, and give examples of the contextual perspectives on Organizational Behavior.
124. Using the model presented in your text, briefly define systems theory. Give an example of each component of
systems theory as it exists in an organization.
125. Compare and contrast the universal and situational perspectives in organizational behavior.