Arousal is critical to the process of motivation because it:
A) defines the direction our actions take.
B) is the drive behind our behavior to attain goals.
C) helps one to maintain the behavior needed to reach goals.
D) explains the value of equity theory.
Guanxi refers to the interpersonal relationships that are essential to business in China.
The concern of a rater for his/her own image when evaluating an employee is reflective
of:
A) counterpower.
B) hostile environment.
C) organizational politics.
D) deviance.
The ________ solicits opinions from subordinates before making decisions.
A) autocratic leadership style
B) introspective leadership style
C) delegation leadership style
D) participative leadership style
According to the creative process model, allowing ideas to incubate means to:
A) sleep on it.
B) gather the appropriate information and concentrate on the problem.
C) brainstorm.
D) break mental sets and take new perspectives.
Table 8.4
Nermina is preparing to implement teams in her functional area. Currently she is
studying how to create a team. In her past experience she often found that groups of
people did less work than just one or two people could do. It is now two weeks later.
Nermina is well into the process of creating teams. She is ensuring the correct
resources, both human and material are available for the team.
Refer to Table 8.4. Two weeks into the implementation of her teams, Nermina is at what
stage in team creation?
A) Prework
B) Creating performance conditions
C) Forming and building the team
D) Providing ongoing support for the team
An MBO program:
A) is a quick way to help an organization improve employee job satisfaction.
B) requires anywhere from three-to-five years to make it work.
C) offers primary benefits to employees and secondary benefits to the organization.
D) requires extensive top-management involvement, but little involvement of
lower-level managers and employees.
Sushani is observing group functioning as part of her OB studies. The group she’s
observing seems to be fairly cohesive, is developing close interpersonal relationships
and a feeling of camaraderie, etc. This group is in the ________ stage of group
development.
A) forming
B) storming
C) norming
D) performing
The ________ of decision-making seeks to maximize profits by searching
systematically for the optimum solution to a problem.
A) quasi-analytical model.
B) rational-economic model.
C) administrative model.
D) image theory model.
When decisions that are made on the basis of unfair procedures make people
dissatisfied with the outcomes they receive, the dissatisfaction with those outcomes
alone is about:
A) distributive justice.
B) informational justice.
C) procedural justice.
D) interpersonal justice.
In a discussion with other managers, Stone tells Thelma that he disagrees with her. “I
don’t agree, but I would like to hear your position, I could be wrong.” In terms of
supportive communication, this is an example of:
A) validating language.
B) reflexive discourse.
C) convivial communication.
D) upward messaging.
The social science that contributed to organizational behavior the tools and perspective
to examine conflict and power within an organization is:
A) political science.
B) psychology.
C) sociology.
D) management science.
Table 11.2
A team of business students is working on a semester-long class project. The nature of
the project is additive, each team member must have information from several other
team members in order to complete his/her portion of the project. In a group meeting,
Joe tells Amanda that if she will proofread his part of the paper, he’ll set up the
spreadsheet formulas for her calculations. Amanda tells him no thanks. She’s not really
concerned about the quality of his section of the project and she’d just as soon work on
her own. She thinks she can do a much better job than Joe setting up the spreadsheet.
Another member of the team, Celine, wants everyone to have the same outcome from
this project. She cautions those with weak work to improve it and asks the stars to tone
down their work a bit so as to not embarrass the weaker members of the team. Paul
wants to maximize the outcome of this project for everyone. He wants everyone to
experience complete satisfaction with the process, the project, and their final grade. The
reality is that the team will receive two grades. There will be a team grade and then
each individual will receive a separate grade on his/her section. The grades are
weighted 40/60.
Refer to Table 11.2. Amanda appears to have a/an ________ personal orientation
toward cooperation.
A) equalizer
B) competitive
C) individualistic
D) cooperative
Strategic planning begins with:
A) defining the scope of the products or services offered.
B) identifying key markets.
C) defining goals.
D) conducting consumer target market research.
When people in an organization make decisions in order to make themselves look good,
the organizational barrier of ________ is interfering with rational decision-making.
A) time constraints
B) political facesaving
C) groupthink
D) intimidation by group leaders
Joining the index finger and thumb to form an “O” means “ok” in the U.S., but in Brazil
or Germany it is ________.
A) a sign of indifference
B) a sign of friendship
C) meaningless
D) an insult.
Which of the following characterizes teams?
A) Common commitment to purpose
B) Mutual accountability
C) Complementary skills
D) All of these.
The concepts of unfreezing, changing, and refreezing are part of:
A) changes in organizational structure.
B) changes in technology.
C) changes in management.
D) changes in people.
In 1987, about ________ percent of Americans reported feeling satisfied with their
jobs, while in 2009, about ________ percent reported being satisfied
A) 45, 60
B) 60, 45
C) 50, 30
D) 30, 50
Job satisfaction is important because ________.
A) satisfied employees are less likely to quit their jobs
B) satisfied employees are less likely to experience serious accidents
C) satisfied employees are more productive that dissatisfied employees
D) All of the above
Table 10.2
Decision makers have a number of options available to them as to how to categorize
and make decisions. Ray selected his job because he thought it simply felt like the right
place to work. The organization and job seemed to fit his values and career goals. When
the secretary that reports to Ray in his new job decides that she needs office supplies,
she calls up central purchasing and places an order. But in order to get the new
computer software she wants for her job, she has to get Ray to sign off on the purchase.
After six months on the job Ray concludes that he needs an assistant. He writes up the
job description, receives permission to recruit for the position. He receives about 150
resumes in the mail. He sets up interviews with the top 10 candidates. As he is
interviewing candidate number four, he decides he meets all the criteria and offers him
the job, which he accepts. Refer to Table 10.2. The secretary’s decision-making process
for buying office supplies is an example of:
A) an unstructured decision.
B) a programmed decision.
C) the administrative decision model.
D) top-down decision-making.
Supportive communication is characterized by:
A) focusing on the person, not the problem.
B) accuracy and honesty.
C) providing reasons based on what others have done.
D) All of these.
For diversity management to work, companies need:
A) to focus on the average differences among people.
B) top management support pressuring lower management to comply.
C) total managerial support.
D) an affirmative action plan.
One example of a job that is generally not stressful is:
A) forester.
B) public relations executive.
C) real estate agent.
D) advertising account executive.
________ eliminate chains of command, widen spans of control, and use empowered
teams.
A) Product organizations
B) Matrix organizations
C) Mechanistic organizations
D) Boundaryless organizations
Conflict does sometimes yield positive benefits, such as:
A) eroding common ground.
B) encouraging the consideration of new ideas.
C) delaying decisions until all aspects can be considered.
D) forcing the use of an arbitrator.
Table 7.2
John is working on his department’s annual plan. Employee performance has been okay
and commitment to his department’s goals moderate. In the past John has asked his
employees to do their best. This year he is asking each employee to work with him in
determining exactly what that employee is going to accomplish this year. John wants
his people to feel the goals are theirs, to invest in their accomplishment. He wants them
to believe that they can accomplish these goals. He thinks he can help this whole
process by meeting with each employee quarterly and talking about where the
department is and where the employee is in regards to goal accomplishment.
Refer to Table 7.2. John’s concern about his people’s believing they can accomplish the
goals is a concern over:
A) goal commitment.
B) how goals are assigned.
C) the setting of difficult but acceptable goals.
D) how to provide feedback on goal attainment.
Table 16.2
Loading Dock One, an international products retailer, is going through organizational
change. The entrance of several low cost retailers into their market of quality
international gifts is forcing them to seek greater efficiencies so they can lower costs
and prices. Unfortunately, their employees are resisting the changes. They understand
competition is increasing, but they fear the changes will eliminate jobs or diminish the
variety of their work. Not only are the employees resisting, but it seems that the way
LDO has hired, trained, and rewarded employees also hinders the changes they want to
make. Some managers also are resisting the change because they can see their staffs
being reduced or their entire work units eliminated.
Refer to Table 16.2. Based on what they want, their best target for change would be:
A) their organizational structure.
B) technology.
C) their people.
D) administrative systems.
One example of a health problem that can be caused by stress is:
A) stroke.
B) cirrhosis of the liver.
C) lung disease.
D) All of the above.
________ allows employees to make the decisions required to do their jobs without first
seeking supervisory approval.
A) Empowered decision-making
B) Top-down decision-making
C) The use of the Delphi technique
D) Nonprogrammed decisions-making
Ben engages in OCB. According to the text, this is likely to aid the company in:
A) psychological contracts.
B) recruitment.
C) selection.
D) diversity.
Research has shown that people will work at the highest level when performance goals
are:
A) general and easy to reach
B) specific and difficult, yet realistic
C) specific and exceptionally difficult
D) general and somewhat difficult
Arnie always expresses his loyalty toward the XYZ Company. This is an example of:
A) psychological contracts.
B) OCB-I.
C) OCB-O.
D) screaming Mimi.