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According to psychologists, the "primacy effect"
a. refers to the person who is dominant in a relationship.
b. establishes the initial mental framework within which another person is viewed.
c. is ignored when contradicted by later information.
d. is the dynamic blend of character strength, poise, self-control, and style.
Mei feels irritated when Linda's unbridled enthusiasm often leads her to lose sight of
critical project details. Linda feels frustrated when Mei often analyzes so many details
that it slows down the decision-making process. The discord between Mei and Linda is
explained by
a. poor management.
b. lack of self-disclosure.
c. communication style bias.
d. a poorly constructed team.
In ethical terms, when you have the right to do something it means
a. it is always right to do it.
b. that you have worked hard to obtain that right and you should be proud.
c. it is not always right to do it.
d. that you have used ethical practices to obtain that right.
In the beginning of Chapter 12, you were introduced to a story about an executive who
worked out in the field with the front-line team. He did this to
a. understand how a self-managed team works.
b. understand the industry so he could get the job as CEO.
c. demonstrate his desire to build trust.
d. create empathy among the workers for executives.
Case 14.1
XYZ Corporation is undergoing a merger with a larger company. This change will bring
XYZ into the twenty-first century technologically but will bring about a number of
changes. As XYZ is the acquired company, about one-third of its work force will be laid
off. The reasons for the layoff have been clearly explained, and Virginia, the respected
president of XYZ, is implementing the layoff in the best interests of the company, even
though it is very painful for her. A number of the best employees and managers started
looking for new jobs before XYZ announced who would be laid off and who would
stay. Most employees are putting in long hours, and the company exercise room is full
as managers and employees try to burn off their fears and frustrations with these
changes.
Virginia is really excited about these changes and about the positive outcomes for the
future of the company and its employees. Virginia has handled things well but is under
a lot of pressure. She obsesses about being organized. She carries her pager into the
restroom with her and is constantly talking on her cellular phone. She likes to have her
computer terminal on whenever she's in the office, just in case she needs it, and is very
uncomfortable when she has to travel without her laptop computer with its internal fax
modem and cellular phone link.
John was promoted from first-line supervisor to VP of operations because all of the
other managers found new jobs when the merger was announced. He didn't want the
job, but he had to take it to stay at XYZ. He's had to give up daily interaction with his
production line people and begin doing things for which he has little preparation or
experience and doesn't particularly care for, like attending lots of meetings. He's bearing
up well and is able to handle the increased responsibilities.
Refer to Case 14.1. Amidst all the change, it is probably safe to say that Virginia is
a. suffering from multitasking stresses.
b. not emotionally hardy.
c. currently experiencing burnout.
d. in the midst of the fight or flight syndrome.
The steps a company can take toward enhancing corporate ethics include
a. impressing that employees adhere to their personal ethic codes.
b. teaching values in the home.
c. developing and enforcing ethics codes.
d. eliminating various petty laws that insult individual integrity.
Attitudes are our sincere thoughts. Which of the following statements is true about
attitudes?
a. They affect how we think, feel and act.
b. They are the foundation upon which we develop our values.
c. They are relatively easy to form and change.
d. Attitudes can significantly affect our mental health but have little impact on our
physical health.
The Industrial Revolution had a profound effect on
a. management structure.
b. the role of the worker.
c. benefit costs.
d. family dynamics.
In light of today's economic and social climate, individuals across the ages are giving
greater attention to
a. compensation packages and incentives.
b. job security and promotion schedule.
c. work-life balance and spiritual fulfillment.
d. health insurance and fringe benefits.
Shen is interning to become a nurse. Mila is a very skilled and helpful nurse, but also
very busy. Shen was glad to have the chance to talk with her over lunch one day and
learned a great deal in that time. If Shen wants to learn to become like Mila, he should
a. simply observe and emulate her at work.
b. assertively seek her out as his mentor.
c. wait for her to initiate a mentoring relationship.
d. find a mentor who has more spare time.
Guillermo feels compelled to alternate between emailing, updating his Twitter status,
and using his cell phone to conduct work. He often feels an adrenaline rush and his
muscles tense when he is notified of incoming messages or calls. Concentration feels
more difficult than in the past. Guillermo's stress is likely a result of
a. long and irregular hours.
b. work transitions.
c. technological multi-tasking
d. workstation ergonomics
A self-fulfilling prophecy is an example of which motivational theory?
a. Herzberg's Motivation-Maintenance Theory
b. The Expectancy Theory
c. The Goal-Setting Theory
d. McGregor's Theory X/Theory Y
Which of the following is trueabout developing a life plan for effective human
relations?
a. It generally results in satisfying relations with others at the expense of career
advancement.
b. It only works if you are working for a small, progressive company.
c. It can mean career advancement and financial benefits as well as strong, satisfying
relationships with others.
d. It takes a long time and the benefits are generally minimal.
When a round of downsizing forced Olivia's boss, Karen, to ask Olivia to absorb the
responsibilities of the laid-off grant writer, neither woman was sure what to expect.
Olivia had never written a grant before, but Karen mentored her along. Over time, they
discovered that Olivia had a great talent and interest for the task, and she successfully
wrote proposals that were awarded hundreds of thousands of dollars. This example of
mentoring resulted in which change in Olivia's self-disclosure?
a. Reduction of the unknown window
b. Expansion of the blind window
c. Reduction of the hidden window
d. Decrease of the open window
Which of the following is true regarding discrimination on the basis of sexual
orientation?
a. It is prohibited by federal law as mandated by the Civil Rights Act of 1991.
b. It is becoming a larger issue as individuals are less willing to hide their orientation at
work.
c. It is not an issue as it only affects a small portion of the working population.
d. Very few large companies are dealing with the issue; it is mostly addressed in small
to medium-sized businesses where working relationships are closer.
Which of the following is likely to contribute the least to positive energy in the
workplace?
a. Encouraging workers to be prideful of their accomplishments.
b. Awarding all incentives with cash..
c. Practicing common courtesies.
d. Providing feedback and affirmation to employees.
Affirmative action guidelines
a. were established to remedy the effects of past discrimination.
b. have limited access to certain protected groups of people.
c. require employers to strive for an imbalance in their work force.
d. celebrate the differences in the various groups protected by them.
MTV, the Wellness movement, and Watergate affected which generation?
a. Matures
b. Baby Boomers
c. Generation X
d. Generation Y / Millennials
In Chapter 5, you read the story of a top executive at IBM who passed on information
to others who used this information in very profitable stock trading. He testified in court
that he did not profit from these actions and served a very short prison term. His career
was ruined. This story illustrates
a. low moral intelligence.
b. personal gain over occupational success.
c. insider trading is widespread.
d. occupational success over personal gain.
Many organizations spend many resources to provide training and create written
documents about appropriate and expected behavior. If you are a big retail chain like
Home Depot or Macy's, you should ensure that store managers
a. understand the ethics code.
b. enforce the ethics code.
c. understand there are very real regional differences in America about ethics.
d. understand ethics codes should be enforced, but with exceptions.
Humor relieves stress by
a. helping you make jokes of difficult situations.
b. being a gentle exercise, a form of inner jogging.
c. slowing your heart rate.
d. helping you sleep at night.
Case 13.1
There is a major conflict going on in Andy's department. Workers do not trust Andy.
They resent his authoritarian style, and they resist his instructions and suggestions.
Andy sees the workers as "drones," and they think of him as "Darth Vader." Initially,
Andy's manager tells the workers to "put up with it" and to "get back to work." He
refuses to listen to their complaints and imposes his instructions with a threat of
discipline. A group of employees discusses the problem. Jane suggests that they just
drop it and go back to work. She doesn't want to lose her job and fears that even if they
win, their working relationship with Andy will be damaged beyond repair. Malcolm
suggests that they go back to Andy's boss and explain that they think talking about
Andy's behavior could improve productivity and quality. He tells the group they ought
to write down and present the substance of their concerns, not just attack Andy's
management style. Malcolm thinks they can work this out without removing Andy or
getting fired themselves.
Refer to Case 13.1. The basic cause of this conflict is
a. cultural clashes.
b. misunderstanding.
c. work policies and practices.
d. adversarial management.
Alex admires his manager, Susan, and considers her a role model. Susan often speaks
about the importance of communication. At the same time, her busy schedule with
external clients makes her very unavailable to Alex and other employees. During the
rare chance that they are able to speak with her, she seems hurried and answers other
calls and text messages. Alex is most likelyto develop an attitude that
a. communicating with employees and clients are equally important.
b. upward communication is valuable to managers.
c. communicating with clients is less important than communicating with employees.
d. internal communication is less important than external communication.
Assertive behavior
a. tends to violate the rights of others.
b. is a way of making a point without upsetting others.
c. always helps you achieve what you want.
d. is the equivalent of aggressive behavior.
It is the position of the authors of your text regarding corporate crime and corporate
ethics that
a. all companies are ethical; only individual employees cause problems.
b. gray-area situations and competitive pressure make ethical decision making difficult.
c. most management situations are clear cut, and, for most middle managers, it is not
difficult to make ethical decisions.
d. no company or individual is ethical except when restrained by law.
Which of the following contributes to your voice quality?
a. Tone of voice
b. Volume of your speech
c. Diction or clarity of the pronunciation of your words
d. All of these
Case 14.1
XYZ Corporation is undergoing a merger with a larger company. This change will bring
XYZ into the twenty-first century technologically but will bring about a number of
changes. As XYZ is the acquired company, about one-third of its work force will be laid
off. The reasons for the layoff have been clearly explained, and Virginia, the respected
president of XYZ, is implementing the layoff in the best interests of the company, even
though it is very painful for her. A number of the best employees and managers started
looking for new jobs before XYZ announced who would be laid off and who would
stay. Most employees are putting in long hours, and the company exercise room is full
as managers and employees try to burn off their fears and frustrations with these
changes.
Virginia is really excited about these changes and about the positive outcomes for the
future of the company and its employees. Virginia has handled things well but is under
a lot of pressure. She obsesses about being organized. She carries her pager into the
restroom with her and is constantly talking on her cellular phone. She likes to have her
computer terminal on whenever she's in the office, just in case she needs it, and is very
uncomfortable when she has to travel without her laptop computer with its internal fax
modem and cellular phone link.
John was promoted from first-line supervisor to VP of operations because all of the
other managers found new jobs when the merger was announced. He didn't want the
job, but he had to take it to stay at XYZ. He's had to give up daily interaction with his
production line people and begin doing things for which he has little preparation or
experience and doesn't particularly care for, like attending lots of meetings. He's bearing
up well and is able to handle the increased responsibilities.
Refer to Case 14.1. When some employees began looking for new jobs, this is an
example of
a. resilience and planning ahead to take control of their situation.
b. the fight or flight syndrome response to stress.
c. an adaptation to burnout.
d. technostress.
Juan spends some time each day imagining himself making an important sale that will
probably lead to a large bonus and promotion. Juan is using what self-esteem building
technique?
a. Visualizing achievement
b. Setting goals
c. Developing a mentor
d. Developing an expertise
Juan has difficulty at work because he frequently suppresses his emotions. An
alternative to inappropriate suppression and expression is
a. to allow himself to feel the emotion, then let it go.
b. to tell many of his coworkers how he is feeling.
c. to assign responsibility for his emotions to external causes.
d. to frequently cry.
When an individual creates a personal "diversity profile," the person is
a. counting the number of African Americans who work at his company.
b. assessing the diversity of his friends, coworkers, and acquaintances.
c. identifying trends among different ethnic and racial groups.
d. developing a relaxed attitude about cultural differences.
The first step in coping with communication style bias is to
a. tell the other person how they can accommodate your style.
b. develop awareness of your own communication style.
c. analyze the other person's behavior.
d. communicate your frustration to your manager.
The greatest barrier preventing women from rising to top managerial positions is their
lack of significant general management and line experience and less time in the
"pipeline."
Explain how your physical and mental health is a resource for enriching your life.
Older workers can defuse age bias by demonstrating up-to-date skills, flexibility, and
reasonable pay expectations.
The rule that business meetings should start and end on time or that you should not
bring up a topic unless it is related to an agenda item is dictated by
____________________.
Identify three types of effective listening and give examples of each.
Liz is highly focused on pushing employees through the challenges of providing quality
service, adhering to tight timetables, and maintaining heavy workloads in a down-sized,
short-staffed organization. In the process, employees feel stressed, braced for failure,
and underappreciated. What advice would you offer Liz?
An important part of making right ethical decisions is achieving sufficient power and
money to be able to do so.
What impact did Taylor's scientific management have on the development of human
relations?
Older workers who delay their retirement are creating a "gray ceiling" for the next
generation.
A highly structured manager encourages up-ward communication.
When dealing with a(n) ____________________, the best strategy is to acknowledge
their expertise but be prepared with your facts.
A person is most likely to move into the excess zone when they are feeling secure and
confident.
U.S. culture puts a lot of emphasis on self-gratification, which can make it more
difficult to establish clear moral boundaries.
____________________ is the emotional high that follows performance and success.
The ____________________ guarantees continuation of any paid health benefits, plus a
return to the same or an equivalent job, for employees (both men and women) who take
up to twelve weeks' unpaid time off so that they can care for themselves or an ailing
family member such as a parent, child, or spouse.
When managers demonstrate the desire to listen to their employees, employees still tend
to keep ideas and complaints to themselves.
Dominance can be defined as an ability to control or express feelings.
