51) The ultimate source of an organization’s culture is ________.
A) its top management
B) its environment
C) the country in which the organization operates
D) its founders
E) the sociocultural backgrounds of its employees
52) The ________ process helps candidates learn about the organization, and if employees
perceive a conflict between their values and those of the organization, they can remove
themselves from the applicant pool.
A) orientation
B) training
C) performance evaluation
D) selection
E) institutionalization
53) The selection process helps sustain the organization’s culture by ________.
A) establishing and enforcing norms
B) hiring candidates who fit well within the organization
C) socializing the new employees
D) developing performance evaluation criteria
E) rewarding conformity
54) Top management has a major impact on the organization’s culture by ________.
A) establishing norms that filter down through the organization
B) ensuring a proper match of personal and organizational values
C) socializing new applicants in the pre-hiring phase
D) providing a framework for metamorphosis of new hires
E) properly rewarding employees’ initiatives
55) ________ is a process that helps new employees adapt to the prevailing organizational
culture.
A) Satisficing
B) Reciprocal interdependence
C) Socialization
D) Formalization
E) Social loafing
56) The process of socialization consists of three stages. Which of the following is one of these
three stages?
A) metamorphosis
B) preencounter
C) evaluation
D) post-arrival
E) post-encounter
57) Identify the correct order of stages in the socialization process.
A) encounter, metamorphosis, post-encounter
B) prearrival, arrival, evaluation
C) prearrival, arrival, post-arrival
D) prearrival, encounter, metamorphosis
E) metamorphosis, preencounter, arrival
58) The ________ stage of the socialization process explicitly recognizes that each individual the
organization comes across during the selection process has a set of values, attitudes, and
expectations about both the work to be done and the organization.
A) post-encounter
B) prearrival
C) metamorphosis
D) preencounter
E) post-arrival
59) During the ________ stage, a new employee compares his or her expectations with the
realities in the organization.
A) prearrival
B) encounter
C) metamorphosis
D) post-arrival
E) post-encounter
60) If there is a basic conflict between the individual’s expectations and the reality of working in
an organization, the employee is most likely to be disillusioned and quit during the ________
stage of socialization.
A) prearrival
B) post-arrival
C) encounter
D) metamorphosis
E) post-encounter
61) Higgins has recently joined a new law firm expecting to participate in exciting environmental
law cases and cutting-edge research. After one month at the firm, he still hasn’t been assigned a
case and spends most of his time filing standardized appeals for title disputes with insurance
companies. In which stage of the socialization process is Higgins?
A) prearrival
B) encounter
C) metamorphosis
D) post-encounter
E) post-arrival
62) During the socialization process, to work out any problems discovered during the encounter
stage, the new member changes or goes through the ________ stage.
A) post-arrival
B) metamorphosis
C) post-encounter
D) analysis
E) evaluation
63) Which of the following statements is true regarding random socialization?
A) Random socialization tries to strip away certain characteristics of the recruit.
B) Random socialization is carried out per a fixed time schedule.
C) In random socialization, new employees are left on their own to figure things out.
D) Random socialization involves socializing the newcomers in groups.
E) Specific orientation and classroom training programs are examples of random socialization.
64) Which of the following types of socialization involves putting the new employee directly
into the job, with little or no special attention?
A) investiture socialization
B) serial socialization
C) collective socialization
D) fixed socialization
E) informal socialization
65) ________ socialization assumes that the newcomer’s qualities and qualifications are the
necessary ingredients for job success, so these qualities and qualifications are confirmed and
supported.
A) Variable
B) Collective
C) Serial
D) Investiture
E) Formal
66) Which of the following statements is true about formal socialization?
A) Formal socialization involves socializing the new members individually.
B) Specific orientation and training programs are examples of formal socialization.
C) Apprenticeship and mentoring programs are examples of formal socialization.
D) Formal socialization lacks a fixed time schedule.
E) In formal socialization, new employees are left on their own to figure things out.
67) ________ socialization tries to strip away certain characteristics of the recruit.
A) Random
B) Fixed
C) Collective
D) Divestiture
E) Formal
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68) Apprenticeship is an example of ________ socialization.
A) divestiture
B) variable
C) serial
D) informal
E) investiture
69) By the end of the ________ stage of socialization, the new members internalize and accept
the norms of the organization and their work group, are confident in their competence, and feel
trusted and valued by their peers.
A) encounter
B) post-arrival
C) establishment
D) metamorphosis
E) adaptation
You are new to an organization and do not really know what to expect about the socialization
process. You recently received your MBA and have an undergraduate degree in computer
science. Your new firm is a software development company with an emphasis in the healthcare
industry. Your hiring process included campus interviews, a daylong trip for an interview at the
company, an offer phone call and letter, and some promotional material sent via the mail. When
you arrive for your first day at work, you spend half a day in an orientation session that is
conducted by the human resources department, where you complete paperwork and receive a
company handbook. Then you spend the rest of the day with your supervisor, who gives you a
tour, introduces you to your co-workers, and explains your first project. After that, you begin
working and getting to know the others in the company. You find that in most respects, your
experience fits your expectations, but in some ways you are surprised by realities that you hadn’t
expected. None of these surprises is too difficult to accept, so you eventually begin to feel at
home and happy with your new job.
70) The information that you receive during the interviewing and hiring process is a part of the
________ stage of employee socialization.
A) preencounter
B) prearrival
C) encounter
D) metamorphosis
E) post-encounter
71) Your first day at work is a part of the ________ stage of socialization.
A) orientation
B) prearrival
C) encounter
D) metamorphosis
E) post-encounter
72) When you begin to notice things that are not as you expected, you are in the ________ stage
of socialization.
A) orientation
B) prearrival
C) encounter
D) metamorphosis
E) post-arrival
73) Which of the following steps could your supervisor take to best help you develop a
commitment to your new company?
A) encourage you to work independently at first to learn the ropes
B) explain the rules and policies of the organization to you
C) discourage you from putting too much emphasis on your perception of the organization
D) encourage you to look carefully at your own assumptions, which may be biased
E) encourage you to develop friendship ties within the organization
74) When you start to accept the differences between your expectations and the reality of the
organization, you move into the ________ stage of socialization.
A) prearrival
B) post-arrival
C) acceptance
D) metamorphosis
E) post-encounter
75) Your supervisor provides you a mentor to help you with your work and guide you. This
shows that your supervisor is using a(n) ________ socialization technique.
A) divestiture
B) random
C) informal
D) serial
E) variable
76) A study conducted by Bain and Company found that 70 percent of mergers failed to increase
shareholder values, and Hay Group found that more than 90 percent of mergers in Europe failed
to reach financial goals.
77) The encounter stage of the socialization process consists of the period of learning that occurs
before a new employee joins an organization.
78) During the metamorphosis stage of the socialization process, a new employee compares his
or her expectations—about the job, co-workers, the boss, and the organization in general—with
the reality in the organization.
79) Serial socialization is characterized by the use of role models who train and encourage a
newcomer.
80) Apprenticeship and mentoring programs are examples of random socialization.
81) Formal socialization involves putting the new employee directly into the job, with little or no
special attention.
82) The more management relies on formal, collective, sequential, fixed, and serial socialization
programs and emphasizes divestiture, the more likely newcomers’ differences will be stripped
away and replaced by standardized predictable behaviors.
83) How does organizational culture develop?
84) Explain the primary methods of maintaining an organization’s culture.
85) Describe the three stages involved in the process of socialization.
86) ________ typically contain narratives about the organization’s founders, rule breaking, and
reactions to past mistakes.
A) Stories
B) Material symbols
C) Rituals
D) Organizational charts
E) Corporate chants
87) Bruce is new at Wayne Corp., but after a week he already knows that the founder of the
corporation started the business in his garage with only $4,000 and one client. This information
was most likely transmitted to Bruce by way of ________.
A) stories
B) material symbols
C) rituals
D) organizational charts
E) corporate chants