104) During the first round of negotiations with Olsen Automotive, the machinists union
demands that management raise the wages of all employees by 15 percent. The union does not
expect management to agree to this demand initially. Which term best describes the demand
made by the union?
A) beachhead
B) arbitrary
C) secondary
D) tactical
105) What is the process called when a neutral third party enters and attempts to resolve a labor
dispute when a bargaining impasse has occurred?
A) delegation
B) interest arbitration
C) mediation
D) rights arbitration
106) Which law established the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (FMCS)?
A) Taft–Hartley Act
B) Davis–Bacon Act
C) Landrum–Griffin Act
D) Norris–LaGuardia Act
107) Carlson Machines and the local labor union have a contract dispute over wages. The two
sides have agreed to submit the dispute to an impartial third party for a binding decision. Which
of the following will most likely serve as the judge and jury in this situation?
A) arbitrator
B) mediator
C) HR manager
D) union steward
108) The unionized machinists at Larson Aeronautics have refused to work and have halted
production as a result of a breakdown in negotiations. Which of the following terms best
describes the actions of the machinists?
A) boycott
B) strike
C) beachhead
D) lockout
109) Ben is a member of the electricians’ union, which is currently striking against Rawlings
Manufacturing. However, Ben does not support the strike and does not want to participate, so he
is continuing to work at Rawlings. As a result, Ben could be fined as high as ________ percent
of his wages.
A) 25
B) 50
C) 75
D) 100
110) A boycott involves an agreement by union members to ________.
A) stay off the job indefinitely
B) refuse to use or buy the firm’s products
C) refuse to use or buy competing firms’ products
D) persuade third parties to refuse to use or buy the firm’s products
111) Boycotts are especially effective when the firm has ________.
A) low inventory
B) high inventory
C) low brand recognition
D) high brand recognition
112) During negotiation breakdowns between the steelworkers’ union and Capital Aeronautics,
the union encouraged suppliers and customers to stop doing business with the firm. Which type
of strategy was the union most likely implementing?
A) strike
B) boycott
C) lockout
D) secondary boycott
113) Peterson Manufacturing and the local steelworkers’ union are having a negotiation
breakdown. Peterson’s management is keeping employees out of the workplace and running the
operation with temporary replacements. Which type of strategy is most likely being used to
overcome the negotiation breakdown?
A) boycott
B) lockout
C) layoff
D) strike
114) A lockout is particularly effective in all of the following cases EXCEPT when the
________.
A) union is weak
B) union treasury is depleted
C) business relies on global sales
D) business has excessive inventories
115) Continuation of plant operations during a strike using management and nonunion personnel
is most effective when the ________.
A) union is boycotting and picketing
B) union is not attempting a boycott
C) business is a federal contractor
D) business is not labor intensive
116) Which of the following is the final product of the collective bargaining process?
A) employment contract
B) labor agreement
C) mediation contract
D) arbitration guidelines
117) What document regulates the relationship between employer and employees for a specified
period of time?
A) labor agreement
B) employment contract
C) mediation guidelines
D) arbitration agreement
118) If union members should reject the proposed labor agreement, ________.
A) the labor contract is void
B) the union’s status is in jeopardy
C) it is a clear sign of management victory
D) a new round of negotiations must begin
119) Public sector workers had a union membership rate of ________, while private sector
workers had a union membership rate of ________.
A) 34.4 percent; 6 percent
B) 15 percent; 10 percent
C) 10 percent; 25 percent
D) 5 percent; 20 percent
120) A bargaining unit consists of a group of union employees who have been recognized by an
employer as appropriate representatives to participate in the arbitration of a labor agreement.
121) Evidence of interest in becoming a bargaining unit is expressed when at least 10 percent of
the employees in a workgroup sign an authorization card.
122) The authorization card is a document indicating that an employee wants to be represented
by a labor organization in collective bargaining.
123) Most union organizers will not proceed unless at least 50 percent of the workers in the
group sign authorization cards.
124) An agency shop arrangement requires that all employees become members of the union
after a specified period of employment.
125) Under the checkoff of dues provision, the company agrees to withhold union dues from
members’ paychecks and to forward the money directly to the union.
126) Neither the union nor management cares whether the other side loses face during the
negotiation process.
127) In mediation, a dispute is submitted to an impartial third party for a binding decision from a
mediator who serves as a formal judge.
128) Interest arbitration is commonly used in the private sector to settle wage disputes between
employers and unions.
129) The most effective time to implement a strike is when demand for an employer’s product is
expanding.
130) A lockout is an effective union strategy, especially when a business has low inventory.
131) When preparing for negotiations, the union relies on the union steward to provide
information about members’ attitudes.
132) Beachhead demands are ones that the union anticipates receiving from management during
initial negotiations.
133) What types of third-party interventions are available when negotiations between unions and
employers break down?
134) What is a lockout? How is a lockout used in labor negotiations?
135) What is collective bargaining? What is involved in the collective bargaining process?
136) In a brief essay, discuss the concepts of a bargaining unit and decertification.
137) Todd, a manager at Dexter Manufacturing, received a grievance filed by a group of his
subordinates who are union members. Unable to settle the grievance, both sides agree to enter
into arbitration. Which of the following questions is LEAST relevant for the arbitrator to ask
when establishing the fairness of management’s actions?
A) What is the past record of the grievants?
B) Has there been lax enforcement of the rule?
C) What are the right–to-work guidelines involved?
D) Were the grievants knowledgeable about the rules?
138) Todd, a manager at Dexter Manufacturing, has received a grievance filed by a group of his
subordinates who are union members. Which of the following most likely indicates that filing a
grievance is appropriate in this situation?
A) Dexter has recently downsized its workforce and outsourced many jobs overseas to save
money.
B) The employees assert that Dexter failed to provide them with adequate personal protection
equipment.
C) Each of the Dexter employees has recently received a warning for participating in unsafe acts
while on the job.
D) The employees argue that the local union should not have used an arbitrator during contract
negotiations with Dexter.
139) Todd, a manager at Dexter Manufacturing, has received a grievance filed by a group of his
subordinates who are union members. Which of the following most likely indicates that a
multistep grievance procedure has been initiated appropriately?
A) The employees collect petition signatures and present the document to Todd.
B) The employees contact the labor union arbitrator, who then sends an email to Todd.
C) The employees send a memo to the union steward, Todd, and vice president of Dexter.
D) The employees orally present the grievance in the presence of Todd and the union steward.
140) Todd, a manager at Dexter Manufacturing, received a grievance filed by a group of his
subordinates who are union members. Which of the following most likely indicates that the
grievance could NOT be settled informally?
A) A signed copy of the grievance is discussed during a meeting between the HR manager and
union officials.
B) The employees and their union steward discuss the grievance with Todd in his office.
C) Todd gathers his subordinates for an open discussion about their concerns.
D) The employees decide to withdraw their grievance.
141) HR managers typically play important roles in daily administration of a labor contract by
resolving grievances and providing advice on disciplinary issues.
142) Which of the following made it possible to decertify a union?
A) Taft–Hartley Act
B) Norris–LaGuardia Act
C) Landrum–Griffin Act
D) Executive Order 10988
143) When a union loses its right to act as the exclusive bargaining representative of a group of
employees, the process is referred to as ________.
A) decertification
B) deauthorization
C) interest arbitration
D) rights arbitration
144) Which of the following is a requirement for filing a decertification petition?
A) At least 50 percent of the bargaining unit members must petition for an election.
B) Signatures on the petition must be publicized to ensure authenticity.
C) The petition must be submitted 60 to 90 days before the current contract expires.
D) Union members must submit their dues on or before the date of the contract’s renewal.
145) Which of the following is management primarily responsible for during the administration
of the labor-management agreement?
A) day–to–day administering
B) explaining the agreement
C) implementing the agreement
D) all of the above
146) Which of the following established the basic framework for collective bargaining in federal
government agencies?
A) Executive Order 13494
B) Executive Order 10988
C) Taft–Hartley Act
D) Title VII of the Civil Service Reform Act
147) Which Act established the Federal Labor Relations Authority?
A) Norris–LaGuardia Act
B) Taft–Hartley Act
C) Civil Service Reform Act
D) Landrum-Griffin Act
148) Why has collective bargaining for federal unions traditionally been quite different from
private sector bargaining?
A) mandated pension plans
B) nonnegotiable wages
C) two–tier wage system
D) required arbitration
149) Management can initiate action that will be accepted by the NLRB to certify the election.
150) The Federal Mediation and Conciliation Services established the process for union
decertification.