50) How have unions organized strategies for promoting a stronger labor movement?
51) In how many states is it legal for an employer to agree with the union that a new employee
must join the union after a certain period of time or be terminated?
A) 19
B) 26
C) 44
D) 50
52) What is the primary law governing the relationship of companies and unions?
A) National Labor Relations Act
B) Norris–LaGuardia Act
C) Landrum–Griffin Act
D) Sherman Act
53) According to a “union shop agreement,” management and unions cannot enter into
agreements requiring union membership as a condition of employment.
54) In the 10 states without right-to-work laws, it is legal for an employer to agree with the union
that a new employee must join the union after a certain period of time or be terminated.
55) Most right-to–work states are located in the North and East.
56) What effect has the Taft-Hartley Act had on collective bargaining and labor negotiation?
57) A group of employees recognized by an employer as appropriate for representation by a
labor organization for purposes of collective bargaining is called a ________.
A) representative group
B) bargaining unit
C) closed shop
D) trade union
58) Frank and two other machinists want to form a bargaining unit at Nelson Manufacturing.
What is the first step Frank and his coworkers need to take?
A) collecting authorization card signatures
B) campaigning for election
C) petitioning for election
D) becoming certified
59) An authorization card indicates that an employee wants ________.
A) personal representation by a labor attorney
B) additional benefits included in a contract
C) exclusion from labor union bargaining terms
D) union representation in collective bargaining
60) Most union organizers will NOT continue their organizing efforts unless at least ________
percent of the workers in the workgroup sign authorization cards.
A) 30
B) 50
C) 70
D) 100
61) In conducting a legal campaign to discourage employees from voting for the union,
management would most likely ________.
A) tell workers the benefits of remaining union-free
B) threaten workers with loss of their jobs to influence the votes
C) incite racial or religious prejudice by making inflammatory campaign appeals
D) make speeches to assembled employees on company time within 24 hours before an election
62) Which of the following is LEAST likely to lead to the NLRB declaring an election campaign
invalid?
A) A union threatens loss of jobs or benefits to influence employees’ votes or union activities.
B) An employer misstates campaign facts when the other party does not have a chance to reply.
C) A union incites religious prejudice with inflammatory campaign appeals.
D) An employer discusses with workers the negative aspects of unionization.
63) Which of the following is NOT one of the four major bargaining structures?
A) one company dealing with a single union
B) several companies dealing with a single union
C) several unions dealing with a single company
D) one bargaining unit dealing with several unions
64) Most contract bargaining is carried out under what type of structure?
A) one company dealing with a single union
B) several companies dealing with a single union
C) several unions dealing with a single company
D) several companies dealing with several unions
65) Which of the following is the most fundamental to union and management relations in the
United States?
A) minimum wage
B) legislative rulings
C) controlling political party
D) collective bargaining process
66) What is the duration of a typical labor/management agreement?
A) one year
B) two years
C) three years
D) four years
67) What is the first step in the collective bargaining process?
A) ratifying an agreement
B) preparing for negotiations
C) negotiating an agreement
D) choosing a bargaining unit
68) A machinists union and an employer are involved in collective bargaining. The bargaining
issues have already been determined. What is the most likely next step in the process?
A) ratifying an agreement
B) preparing for negotiations
C) negotiating an agreement
D) overcoming breakdowns
69) Before negotiating an agreement, it is most important that both negotiators understand which
of the following?
A) recruitment techniques of the firm
B) structure and context of the organization
C) requirements of each position at the firm
D) organizational hierarchy at the company
70) Bargaining issues can be divided into three categories. Which of the following is NOT one of
those categories?
A) mandatory
B) concession
C) permissive
D) prohibited
71) Mandatory bargaining issues are those which ________.
A) fall within the definition of wages, hours, and other terms and conditions of employment
B) may be raised, but neither side may insist that they be bargained over
C) are outlawed, such as the closed shop
D) involve company goals and strategies
72) What type of bargaining issues may be raised, but neither side may insist that the issues be
bargained over?
A) prohibited
B) arbitrary
C) mandatory
D) permissive
73) A firm‘s refusal to bargain on which of the following issues would most likely result in a
charge of unfair labor practices?
A) hourly wages
B) child–care benefits
C) retiree health benefits
D) job recruiting techniques
74) Tom works at a company that has a closed shop arrangement. In which industry does Tom
most likely work?
A) steel
B) aerospace
C) construction
D) mining
75) Which of the following made the closed shop illegal?
A) Norris–LaGuardia Act
B) Wagner Act
C) Sherman Act
D) Taft–Hartley Act
76) Which of the following acts permitted a closed shop in the construction industry?
A) National Labor Relations Act
B) Norris–LaGuardia Act
C) Landrum–Griffin Act
D) Taft–Hartley Act
77) Which section of the labor agreement usually appears at the beginning?
A) compensation
B) recognition
C) management rights
D) union security
78) Which section of the labor agreement identifies the union that is recognized as the bargaining
representative and describes the bargaining unit?
A) grievance procedure
B) union security
C) compensation
D) recognition
79) Which of the following is LEAST likely to appear in a management rights section of a labor
agreement?
A) power to discipline for cause
B) freedom to select company business objectives
C) power to determine union security
D) freedom to determine how to use the firm‘s material assets
80) Which of the following is usually one of the first items negotiated in a collective bargaining
agreement?
A) management rights
B) recognition
C) union security
D) compensation
81) What is the main purpose of union security provisions in a collective bargaining agreement?
A) addressing compensation issues that are usually problematic
B) ensuring that the union continues to perform its functions
C) identifying the union’s bargaining representatives
D) establishing management’s rights in negotiations
82) At Benson Enterprises, union membership is a prerequisite for employment. Which type of
union security is most likely in place at Benson Enterprises?
A) closed shop
B) agency shop
C) union shop
D) open shop
83) At Coffman Manufacturing, all employees are required to become members of the union
after 60 days of employment. Which type of union security most likely exists at Coffman
Manufacturing?
A) closed shop
B) union shop
C) agency shop
D) open shop
84) At H&R Enterprises, employees are not required to join the union. However, nonunion
members of the bargaining unit must pay a service charge to the union. Which type of union
security is most likely in place at H&R Enterprises?
A) union shop
B) agency shop
C) closed shop
D) open shop
85) Joe and Pete have both been employed as electricians at Top Notch Manufacturing for two
years. Joe belongs to a union and pays dues. Pete neither belongs to a union nor pays union dues.
Which of the following most likely describes the union arrangement at Top Notch
Manufacturing?
A) closed shop
B) agency shop
C) open shop
D) union shop
86) Under which of the following arrangements is an employee not required to join or financially
contribute to a union?
A) closed shop
B) agency shop
C) union shop
D) open shop
87) In which section of the labor agreement would a checkoff of dues provision be included?
A) recognition
B) union security
C) employee security
D) management rights
88) When the dues checkoff is in effect, management agrees to ________.
A) pay dues for members who cannot afford them
B) send a portion of members’ dues to charities
C) forward members’ dues to the union
D) audit union members’ dues
89) Davis Manufacturing deducts union dues from members’ paychecks and forwards the money
to the union. Which of the following is most likely included in the labor agreement?
A) maintenance of membership
B) permissive bargaining
C) collective bargaining
D) dues checkoff
90) Which law requires each union member to voluntarily sign a statement authorizing a
deduction when the dues checkoff is used?
A) Landrum-Griffin Act
B) Norris–LaGuardia Act
C) Taft–Hartley Act
D) Sherman Act
91) An escalator clause in a labor agreement ________.
A) guarantees annual wage increases
B) widens the scope of the contract
C) compensates for cost-of-living increases
D) protects management’s authority
92) Which of the following is NOT likely to be included in the compensation section of a labor
agreement?
A) vacation
B) premium pay
C) family care
D) dues checkoff
93) The amount of vacation an employee may take is usually stated in the ________ section of
the labor agreement.
A) union security
B) compensation
C) employee security
D) recognition
94) A formal, systematic process that permits employees to express complaints without
jeopardizing their jobs is known as ________.
A) a grievance procedure
B) union security
C) employee security
D) management
95) Which term refers to an employee’s dissatisfaction or feeling of personal injustice relating to
his or her employment?
A) arbitration
B) ratification
C) severance
D) grievance
96) Which section of the labor agreement contains seniority provisions?
A) grievance procedure
B) union security
C) employee security
D) management rights
97) Seniority may be granted to employees on the basis of all of the following EXCEPT
________.
A) department
B) division
C) job
D) age
98) In labor agreements, seniority is an important issue because it ________.
A) addresses family and child–care problems
B) establishes the process for filing grievances
C) provides the basis of promotion decisions
D) determines the need for retirement plans
99) During negotiation preparations, which of the following is typically the best choice for
gathering information regarding union members’ attitudes?
A) executives
B) union stewards
C) business managers
D) local union presidents
100) Martin Engineering is a large corporation that is preparing for collective bargaining
negotiations with the machinists’ union. Of the following, who is LEAST likely to be on the
bargaining team for Martin Engineering?
A) HR manager
B) production manager
C) union officer
D) labor attorney
101) At the local level, the bargaining committee will normally include ________.
A) elected rank–and–file members
B) industrial relations representatives
C) stewards from the national union
D) AFL–CIO representatives
102) Where do the two negotiating teams usually meet?
A) company premises
B) local union hall
C) neutral location
D) federal courtroom
103) Which of the following is typically LEAST useful during the negotiating phase of collective
bargaining?
A) give–and–take attitude
B) neutral meeting location
C) clear communication
D) media involvement