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55) You are bringing together faculty from different behavioral disciplines to author a new
textbook in organizational behavior. Represented are professors from psychology, sociology,
social psychology, anthropology, political science, and industrial engineering. Which faculty
member is most likely to furnish information about personality, learning, and motivation?
A) sociology
B) psychology
C) anthropology
D) political science
E) industrial engineering
56) Myriam is analyzing the gender roles of men and women in management in the United States
and comparing them to the gender roles in management in Japan. She is surveying fifty male and
fifty female managers in each country to compare their daily behavior. Myriam's study
exemplifies how ________ contributes to OB.
A) anthropology
B) psychology
C) archaeology
D) political science
E) corporate strategy
57) One major study area of social psychology is change, how to implement it, and how to
reduce barriers to its acceptance.
58) While sociology focuses on the individual, psychology studies people in relation to their
social environment or culture.
59) Psychology seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and
other animals.
60) Entomology is the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities.
61) How have the fields of psychology and sociology contributed to our understanding of
organizational behavior?
62) Compare and contrast the fields of psychology, social psychology, and sociology.
63) Which of the following is true regarding contingency variables?
A) They refer to situational factors that moderate the relationship between two or more variables.
B) They make simple, accurate, and sweeping generalizations about concepts in organizational
behavior.
C) They indicate that everyone is motivated by money and financial perks.
D) They refer to scientific factors which are based on universal truths.
E) They remain constant irrespective of any change in the environment.
64) Raymond Mayer is conducting a study on discrimination against campaign activists based on
gender. In his study, he noted that male executives who visited Indonesian villages to promote
the use of renewable energy received a highly positive response. In contrast, women who visited
the same villages received an antagonistic response. However, Mayer stated that his findings
only applied to villages. In this study, the presence of a village is considered a ________
variable.
A) global
B) general
C) dependent
D) non-reactive
E) contingency
65) ________ variables are variables that moderate the relationship between two or more
variables.
A) Global
B) General
C) Dependent
D) Non-reactive
E) Contingency
66) Human beings are simple in nature and, thus, simple, universal principles explain all kinds of
organizational behavior.
67) Organizational behavior cannot offer reasonably accurate explanations of human behavior or
make valid predictions.
68) Why do only a few absolutes apply to organizational behavior?
69) Which of the following is a result of globalization?
A) organizations being bound by national borders
B) lower production of goods in developing nations
C) highly homogeneous workforce
D) shared social value among all cultures
E) jobs moving to nations with low-cost labor
70) Managers who oversee the movement of jobs to countries with low-cost labor are most likely
to ________.
A) provide poor customer service
B) face opposition from labor groups
C) manage a culturally homogeneous workforce
D) operate in niche markets
E) lose competitive advantage by exporting jobs
71) The bookselling industry was revolutionized by ________.
A) Mintzberg's Theory of Management
B) evidence-based management
C) Luthan's findings on management behavior
D) intuition
E) the availability of Big Data
72) Gould Furniture is one of the leading furniture companies in Indonesia. In the past, the
company had a homogeneous workforce of Indonesian employees. The company is desperate to
cut operating and manufacturing costs and, hence, is considering outsourcing part of the
manufacturing process to low-cost Vietnam. However, local community leaders across the
country are strongly opposing this decision. They believe that exporting jobs to other countries is
detrimental to their country in every way possible. Which of the following, if true, is the flaw in
the local community leaders' opinion?
A) The country has one of the lowest rates of employment in Asia.
B) Over 85 percent of Indonesia's revenue comes from agriculture.
C) The furniture market contributes to 20 percent of deforestation in the country.
D) The government of Indonesia provides substantial subsidies to start-up companies.
E) Gould Furniture has alliances with local furniture companies in Vietnam.
73) ________ refers to the heterogeneity of organizations in terms of gender, age, race, ethnicity,
sexual orientation, and inclusion of other diverse groups.
A) Workforce associability
B) Workforce diversity
C) Cultural similarity
D) Organizational congruity
E) Operational homogeneity
74) By 2020, the 55-and-older age group of the U.S. labor force will represent approximately
________ of the total labor force.
A) one-quarter
B) one-third
C) one-half
D) two-thirds
E) three-quarters
75) A common characteristic of service jobs is that they ________.
A) need substantial interaction with an organization's customers
B) offer much higher pay in comparison with other non-service jobs
C) have fewer working hours than other jobs
D) require very little job knowledge compared to other jobs
E) provide more perks and benefits to employees
76) Which of the following is an example of a position in a service job?
A) human resource executive
B) administrative executive
C) flight attendant
D) environmental campaigner
E) production line worker
77) Which of the following is not a reality for today's workforce?
A) Many workers never get away from the virtual workplace.
B) Organizations are asking employees to put in longer hours.
C) Employees have fewer outside commitments.
D) Issues related to well-being have dropped as the number of employees who work at home
rises.
E) The line between work and non-work time has become blurred.
78) Recent studies show ________.
A) the line between work and non-work is becoming less blurred
B) most employees are achieving a better work-life balance
C) money and recognition define career success above all else
D) the majority of men and women rank autonomy as the number one indicator of career success
E) attaining a balance between personal life and work is a primary career goal
79) Which of the following terms best describes organizations that allow people to communicate
and work together even though they may be thousands of miles apart?
A) networked organizations
B) hierarchical organizations
C) matrix organizations
D) stable organizations
E) flat organizations
80) Which of the following is the major challenge for managers in a fully networked
organization?
A) eliminating the need for paper communication by relying entirely on e-mail, file transfers, and
the like
B) retaining team members who can easily move to another employer when demand for their
services changes
C) managing contract and temporary workers
D) maintaining a "virtual office" through the use of computers, interoffice networks, and the
Internet
E) managing people who work together but are geographically separated
81) Christopher Richardson works as a graphic designer in Sydney. He often coordinates with
colleagues working in Germany. In addition, he interacts with clients across the globe. Which of
the following is most likely to facilitate his communications with clients and colleagues?
A) ergonomic cubicle
B) lateral thinking
C) sensemaking
D) systems thinking
E) networked organization
82) Which of the following is a cause of work-life conflicts?
A) global organizations
B) sensemaking
C) privatization of essential industries
D) downshifting
E) use of self-managed teams
83) Which of the following is true regarding positive organizational scholarship?
A) It involves monitoring negative practices in organizations and rectifying them.
B) It deals with how employees should analyze weaknesses and convert them into strengths.
C) It studies how organizations develop human strengths, foster vitality, and unlock potential.
D) It dwells on limitations that an organization faces and how it can turn them into opportunities.
E) It involves scrutinizing loopholes in organizational practices and filling gaps in processes.
84) ________ is a key independent variable in positive organizational behavior research.
A) Engagement
B) Apathy
C) Despair
D) Constraint
E) Pessimism
85) The concept of "reflected best-self" involves ________.
A) focusing on eliminating shortcomings to bring out the best in oneself
B) making employees aware of their weaknesses and rectifying them
C) observing and monitoring drawbacks of a team and then increasing their efficiency with the
help of adequate training
D) asking employees to think about when they were at their personal best in order to exploit their
strengths
E) studying industry-wide best practices and then implementing it
86) Which of the following is an example of an ethical dilemma?
A) Should I work extra hours to complete my assignment?
B) Should I e-mail my manager about queries on the project?
C) Should I discuss with the management the perks being offered?
D) Should I ask my manager for leave during Christmas?
E) Should I play politics to advance my career?
87) The Royal Bank of Canada story highlights several issues of interest to those seeking to
understand organizational behavior, including motivation, ethics, emotions, personality, and
culture.
88) Managers at global companies have realized that economic values are generally transferable
across national boundaries.
89) Workforce diversity refers to how organizations are becoming more homogeneous in terms
of gender, race, and ethnicity.
33
90) The job of a guest relations executive at a hotel is a kind of service job.
91) Evidence that an organization is able to exist and grow over the long term is called
organizational survival.
92) A way for managers to respond to the problem of unethical behavior is to provide in-house
advisors who can be contacted anonymously.
93) Explain workforce diversity and the key managerial skills for dealing with workforce
diversity. What are two trends in workforce demographics?
94) Explain the meaning of Big Data and discuss how its increased availability has led to new
privacy concerns.
95) Using the concept of organizational survival, how would you define what makes an
organization successful? Why is organizational survival important to defining organizational
success?
96) A(n) ________ is an abstraction of reality, a simplified representation of some real-world
phenomenon.
A) model
B) input
C) process
D) outcome
E) objective
97) Which of the following is true regarding models?
A) Models propose five types of variables.
B) Models proceed from outcomes to processes.
C) Models are used only in manufacturing organizations.
D) Models proceed from processes to inputs.
E) Models show that outcomes can influence inputs in the future.
98) With reference to a basic OB model, ________ are determined in advance of the
employment relationship and refer to variables such as personality, group structure, and
organizational culture that lead to processes.
A) actions
B) inputs
C) outcomes
D) processes
E) goals
99) Which of the following is an example of an input at an individual level?
A) motivation
B) moods
C) values
D) perception
E) emotions
100) An example of an input at an organizational level is ________.
A) motivation
B) conflict
C) power
D) communication
E) structure
101) Which of the following is one of the three variables proposed by a basic OB model which
refers to actions that individuals, groups, and organizations engage in as a result of inputs?
A) processes
B) scrutinization
C) planning
D) association
E) evaluation
102) Which of the following is an example of a process at an individual level?
A) group cohesion
B) values
C) decision making
D) withdrawal behavior
E) power and politics
103) An example of a process at a group level is ________.
A) diversity
B) communication
C) values
D) culture
E) emotions
104) Which of the following is an example of a process at the organizational level?
A) attitudes and stress
B) withdrawal behavior
C) emotions and moods
D) change of practices
E) team responsibilities
105) ________ is an example of an outcome at the organizational level.
A) Profitability
B) Diversity
C) Personality
D) Mood
E) Culture
106) Which of the following is an example of an outcome at an individual level?
A) structure
B) culture
C) politics
D) power
E) attitude
107) The discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee's formal job requirements and
that contributes to the psychological and social environment of the workplace is called ________
behavior.
A) withdrawal
B) associative
C) networked
D) citizenship
E) cohesive
108) Group ________ is the extent to which members of a group support and validate one
another at work.
A) affect
B) associability
C) think
D) cohesion
E) maturity
109) The discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee's formal job requirements and
that contributes to the psychological and social environment of the workplace is called cohesive
behavior.
110) Group functioning refers to the quantity and quality of a group's work output.
111) What is withdrawal behavior? Explain.
112) What is citizenship behavior?
113) What is group cohesion?
