The ________ set new standards for mass production in the early twentieth century.
A) Colt .45 revolver
B) McCormick reaper
C) Ford Model T
D) General Electric oscillating fan
E) phonograph
What was the intent of many northerners who went south after the war?
A) They wanted to carry reforms to an area they felt needed change.
B) They wanted to keep African Americans adrift between slavery and freedom.
C) They wanted to acquire land and to fight for their own enfranchisement.
D) They wanted to ensure that the South would not embrace interracial democracy.
E) They wanted to oppose the Reconstruction plan of the Radical Republicans.
The National Security Act (1947) established the _______.
A) U.S. embassy in Moscow
B) Navy SEALs
C) Air Force
D) Department of Homeland Security
E) three federal defense agencies
The 1950s in America were characterized by _______.
A) a lower standard of living
B) migration from the suburbs to urban areas
C) unprecedented restraint on consumerism
D) a new affluence and a thriving economy
E) economic recession and inflation
What happened in 1859 in Harpers Ferry, Virginia?
A) The federal arsenal was attacked in an unsuccessful attempt to start an uprising
against slavery.
B) A slave rebellion resulted in the deaths of eighteen participants.
C) A group of white men raided a southern abolitionist office and killed five white and
black anti-slavery protestors.
D) White men and women seized eighteen slaves in order to forcibly emancipate them
in Mexico.
E) A group of white and black abolitionists killed three slave owners and wounded five
others.
Most African Americans shifted political affiliation from the Republican Party to the
Democratic Party in response to _______.
A) FDR designing the TVA and NRA specifically to benefit African Americans.
B) FDR appointing African Americans to high-ranking government positions.
C) FDR ensuring that African Americans received the same wages as white workers.
D) FDR using the New Deal to create legislation to end segregation in the South.
E) FDR providing employment and job security to most African Americans.
Colonial legislators saw their primary function as ________.
A) improving the lives of their constituents
B) preventing encroachments on the people’s rights
C) implementing the governor’s policies
D) mediating between the royal governor and the people
E) supporting the governor to attain patronage appointments
In mediating the conflict between Russia and Japan, Roosevelt _____.
A) showed little interest in the final outcome
B) sided with Russia, against Japan
C) took a totally neutral stance
D) recognized the increasing importance of Japan
E) tried to play both sides against the other with disastrous results
Jay’s Treaty succeeded in ________.
A) getting British troops to withdraw from the northwest forts
B) opening New Orleans to U.S. commerce
C) pacifying Southerners who had lost slaves during the war
D) humiliating the French
E) calming Washington’s anxieties
One positive for people living American urban centers is that they ________.
A) had more education than people in rural areas
B) made less money than people in rural areas
C) enjoyed a lower crime rate than people in rural areas
D) were just as likely to graduate from college as people in rural areas
E) had a lower cost of living than people in rural areas
What issue became especially controversial after Chief Justice William Rehnquist died
and Associate Justice Sandra Day O”Connor retired?
A) medical insurance
B) immigration
C) abortion
D) government bailouts
E) loans made after disasters
Which of the following statements describes government policy toward Native
Americans in the 1860s?
A) It ignored or opposed tribal organization.
B) It was consistent but not successful because of tribal organization.
C) It was formulated by humanitarians who wanted to preserve tribal organization.
D) It was a failure because the Indians insisted on being farmers.
E) It was based on a system of hierarchy toward various groups.
The difference between a monopoly and an oligopoly includes ________.
A) whether or not a financier has a stake in a company
B) how the factory purchases its raw materials
C) how many companies control the market of a product
D) how many products a company produces for sale
E) whether the company has one or multiple factories
Which is the only category in which seventeenth-century colonists in Massachusetts
were more successful than Virginia’s colonists?
A) relating to the Indians
B) establishing the Anglican Church
C) finding a profitable staple crop
D) adopting a concept of community welfare
E) collecting taxes to pay for community services
The National Labor Relations (Wagner) Act _______.
A) guaranteed that all workers would be paid a minimum wage
B) granted workers the right to organize and collectively bargain
C) gave management the right to forbid the “closed shop”
D) gave the president the power to end strikes
E) did not help workers who were not already unionized
Which was true of the Native Americans of the “middle ground”?
A) They maintained a strong, independent role in commercial exchange with
Europeans.
B) They sought to isolate themselves completely from European contact.
C) They sought economic competition between tribes rather than military confrontation.
D) They continued to war against each other rather than establish intertribal
confederacies.
E) They wanted to strengthen their ties to each other in order to fight the European
settlers.
What influenced President Reagan’s interaction with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev?
A) The Soviet Union was becoming an economic power that the United States could not
isolate.
B) The Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan and escalated the arms race.
C) Mikhail Gorbachev was interested in making peace with the United States.
D) Mikhail Gorbachev was committed to blocking American interests abroad.
E) The Soviet Union had fallen into chaos and a resulting civil war.
Which approach did the U.S. military favor when Japan’s defeat was deemed
inevitable?
A) negotiating a peace treaty to avoid further loss of life
B) modifying the unconditional surrender formula
C) an all-out, full-scale invasion of Japan
D) destroying Japan with a series of atom bombs
E) creating a second front in the Philippines
Which of the following was true of seventeenth-century New England?
A) Most families had several servants.
B) There were wide gaps between the rich and the poor.
C) Land ownership was widespread.
D) Few colonists owned their own land.
E) All free males could vote.
In the early seventeenth century, Virginia’s blacks ________.
A) were encouraged to marry white women
B) occasionally served in the House of Burgesses
C) sometimes became planters
D) greatly outnumbered whites
E) slowly integrated into white society
What was the main reason most people moved west between 1870 and 1900?
A) to seek freedom from religious persecution
B) to escape the drab routine of factory life
C) to escape the diseased conditions of crowded eastern cities
D) to improve their economic situation
E) to escape from invading Native American groups
How did Hamilton demonstrate his dedication in developing his plan for prosperity and
security?
A) He consulted his friends and colleagues in Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, and
Virginia.
B) He surveyed and patiently listened to his political enemies, especially Jefferson and
Madison.
C) He traveled to England and France, studying their economic institutions and
industrial centers.
D) He traveled around the United States, even into the Western Territories, to gain a
true sense of the nation’s fiscal status.
E) He conducted a survey of political and economic leaders on the subject.
What was the legacy of Reconstruction for most African Americans?
A) the benefits of freedom
B) poverty and discrimination
C) land ownership
D) skilled factory jobs
E) successful entry into politics
How did Abraham Lincoln argue about slavery in his debates with Stephen Douglas
during the 1858 Senate race?
A) He favored abolishing slavery in all the states and territories.
B) He favored restricting slavery to the states where it was most profitable.
C) He favored restricting slavery to the states where the Constitution protected it.
D) He favored using popular sovereignty to decide the slavery issue in new territories.
E) He favored allowing slavery in newly acquired territories.
In the beginning, the Civil War was a ________.
A) struggle to free the slaves
B) struggle to preserve the Union
C) personal struggle between Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis
D) struggle to preserve “King Cotton”
E) struggle over control of new and future territories
What was the significance of American Telephone and Telegraph?
A) It was the first telephone company in the United States.
B) It was formed in order to boost competition between local phone companies.
C) For many years, AT&T was the only phone company in the United States.
D) It combined various telegraph and telephone companies into a single monopoly.
E) It was an example of a holding company.
Which of the following groups made up the bulk of the electorate until 1900?
A) white males
B) white men and women
C) white and black males
D) white and Hispanic males
E) white and Asian American males
As the chief negotiator with France, ________ engineered the Louisiana Purchase along
with Robert Livingston.
A) James Madison
B) John Quincy Adams
C) John Marshall
D) James Monroe
E) Thomas Jefferson
What can one conclude from Jackson’s response to the nullification crisis?
A) Jackson was a strong supporter of states’ rights.
B) Jackson believed that states were not truly sovereign.
C) Jackson supported the unlimited use of federal power.
D) Jackson supported higher tariffs especially on manufactured goods coming from
Europe.
E) Jackson supported lower tariffs especially on manufactured goods going from the
South to the North.
The Lewis and Clark expedition ________.
A) at last discovered the long-sought Northwest Passage
B) traveled up the Missouri River to the Pacific Northwest
C) explored the desert Southwest, including Pike’s Peak and the Grand Canyon
D) had to fight its way through the domains of several hostile Indian tribes
E) was assisted by a young Shoshone woman named Pocahontas
How did management methods by Frederick W. Taylor’s affect workers?
A) Management kept workers happy by improving their working conditions, wages,
and hours.
B) A new comfortable working environment increased worker satisfaction, loyalty, and
production.
C) Workers were given the power to influence how production was carried out, which
increased their willingness to work.
D) Workers had to meet specific work standards, which often led to higher pay for
doing monotonous and dangerous jobs.
E) Workers were allowed to develop the best solutions to problems.
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was formed due to _______.
A) Western powers’ fears of Soviet military aggression
B) European fears of American military aggression
C) American fears of Chinese military aggression
D) Soviet fears of Chinese military aggression
E) Soviet fears of American military aggression
How did Wilson ultimately organize the wartime economy?
A) He decentralized a variety of boards that had been tightly organized.
B) He appointed a number of economic advisors known as “czars.”
C) He established a series of highly centralized planning boards.
D) He raised taxes to fund the war effort, which angered the public.
E) He charged his cabinet with finding workable solutions.
Why was the New Deal criticized during the early years of the Great Depression?
A) Many felt that Roosevelt’s programs were not aggressive enough in helping those
truly in need.
B) Some felt that its programs favored minorities and immigrants, leaving white middle
class Americans without aid.
C) Policies of the Agricultural Adjustment Administration were criticized for hampering
agricultural production and leading to food shortages.
D) Critics disagreed with the New Deal’s attempts to institute national health insurance
and relief for the unemployed.
E) Roosevelt and his policies were criticized for not reaching out to bankers, business
leaders, and others in the world of finance.