African-American soldiers did all of the following during the Civil War EXCEPT
________.
A) serve in segregated units under white officers
B) make a vital contribution to the North’s victory
C) serve in integrated units under black officers
D) participate disproportionately in heavy labor behind the lines
E) accept lower pay initially than their white counterparts
The person most responsible for the liberation of Eastern Europe from repressive
governments was ________.
A) Mikhail Gorbachev
B) George H. W. Bush
C) Saddam Hussein
D) Boris Yeltsin
E) Bill Clinton
Which best describes the change in colonial warfare during the eighteenth century?
A) Rather than fight off Native Americans, the colonists found that their main enemies
were colonists from other regions of the country.
B) Rather than participate in European wars, the colonists were forced to battle against
Native Americans.
C) Instead of the threat from hostile Native Americans, the colonists faced threats from
African-American slaves.
D) Instead of facing threats from Native Americans and African-American slaves, the
colonists were forced to fight against Spanish forces.
E) Instead of being involved in local wars with Native Americans, the colonists became
involved with the wars between Britain and France.
How did authors Ernest Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald differ?
A) Hemingway lived as an expatriate in Europe, while Fitzgerald remained at home in
the United States.
B) Hemingway belonged to the Lost Generation, while Fitzgerald was part of the
Harlem Renaissance.
C) Hemingway’s style included bittersweet prose, while Fitzgerald favored a sparse,
clean approach.
D) Hemingway wrote about a lack of human concern, while Fitzgerald wrote about the
quest for personal honor.
E) Hemingway was known for his glittery lifestyle on Long Island, while Fitzgerald
became renowned for stalking lions in Africa.
How were average Americans asked to participate in the war effort?
A) The men were drafted as soldiers, and the women were drafted either as nurses or
factory workers.
B) They were asked to save scraps of metal, rubber, and cloth to be turned into
machines and weapons for war.
C) They were asked to conserve gasoline, meat, and wheat; they were encouraged to
plant gardens to supplement their needs.
D) They were asked to donate a tenth of their income to the war effort, earning the
name the “war tithe.”
E) They were required to give a tenth of their income to the war effort, earning the
name the “mandatory tithe.”
Senator Barry Goldwater pushed for ________ during the presidential election of 1964.
A) establishing peace with the Soviet Union
B) making further advances in civil rights
C) increasing the size of the federal government
D) providing more aid to the unemployed
E) ending the welfare state in America
James Madison opposed Hamilton’s proposal for the public debt because ________.
A) he feared Hamilton’s growing political power
B) the powers of state government would be reduced
C) he believed only speculators would benefit
D) it did not foster the government of the Revolution
E) many soldiers had lost the old loan certificates that entitled them to payment
How did President Roosevelt attempt to halt Japanese aggression between 1940 and
1941?
A) by applying economic pressure on Japan through a trade embargo
B) by waging an undeclared war against Japanese naval forces in the Pacific
C) by signing mutual defense pacts with other Asian nations
D) by securing legislation allowing the United States to send troops to China
E) by using an executive order to send troops to fight on Japanese soil
Which of the following was NOT a key benefit of the Treaty of Paris for the United
States?
A) guaranteed independence
B) fishing rights in the North Atlantic
C) the rights to Florida
D) all territory east of the Mississippi River
E) an end to the war
The Niagara Movement wanted to make what changes?
A) conserve more natural resources
B) gain civil rights for African Americans
C) limit the importation of Canadian goods
D) stop migrant workers from Mexico
E) extend voting rights to women
What was the Second Great Awakening?
A) a wave of religious revivals
B) a political movement to abolish slavery
C) an early women’s rights movement
D) a reform movement to educate more American children
E) a creative movement that revolutionized American art
“Off-the-rack” clothes replaced what kind of clothing?
A) home-made clothes
B) designer clothing
C) working uniforms
D) “ready-to-wear” clothes
E) mail-order catalog clothes
Typically, immigrants, Catholics, freethinkers, and backwoods farmers of the 1840s
would be members of the ________.
A) Democratic party
B) Equal Rights party
C) Federalist party
D) Whig party
E) Republican party
Which statement about late nineteenth-century immigrants is NOT true?
A) Most came seeking economic opportunities.
B) Most were highly skilled craftsmen.
C) Most were young males.
D) Most settled along the eastern seaboard.
E) Often they already knew someone in the United States.
Sumptuary laws ________.
A) made excessive gluttony a crime
B) established statutes that limited the wearing of fine apparel to the wealthy and
prominent
C) criminalized frivolity on the Sabbath
D) provided that only “visible saints” could be buried in a church cemetery
E) made church attendance compulsory
The birth of the gay liberation movement was ________.
A) the Outing
B) the founding of ACT UP
C) the Stonewall Riots
D) the founding of the Gay Activist Alliance
E) the founding of the Gay Liberation Front
Why did more than a hundred senators and congressmen sign the Southern Manifesto?
A) They were declaring an intention to secede from the Union again.
B) They were expressing concern about the lack of a balanced federal budget.
C) They were declaring an intention to hunt down communists working in government.
D) They were asking Eisenhower to show his support for the bus boycott.
E) They were protesting the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka ruling.
Why was the passage of Federal Reserve Act during Woodrow Wilson’s presidency
considered to be crucial?
A) It instituted the first income tax, which still exists today.
B) It settled disputes among Democrats and Republicans.
C) It imposed necessary controls on banks, and still exists today.
D) It won him great public admiration, securing his second term.
E) It made the United States the richest country in the world.
What was the goal of Britain’s Orders in Council?
A) peace with France
B) an alliance with the U.S.
C) the end of the Napoleonic wars
D) British control of trade with the continent of Europe
E) forcing war with France
In what ways was Jefferson a powerful president?
A) He successfully reformed and controlled the judicial system.
B) He skillfully used diplomacy to steer the United States away from conflict with
Europe.
C) He created financial systems and solutions that most of the nation agreed with and
championed.
D) He developed close ties with Congress, working closely with legislators to reach
many of his political goals.
E) He successfully destroyed the Federalist Party, his political competition.
Americans responded to the first two years of the Obama presidency by ________.
A) consolidating support behind environmental policies to slow the rise of the oceans
B) increasing Democratic power in Congress in the “blue wave” election of 2010
C) demanding a dramatic increase in their income taxes to fund new government
programs
D) handing Obama a crushing, historic rebuke in the 2010 mid-term elections
E) forming violent Tea Party militias that staged takeover attempts across the nation
Who was Robert Smalls?
A) He was an African-American Congressman during Reconstruction.
B) He was a former general from the Union Army.
C) He was an official in the Confederate government.
D) He was a crucial advisor to President Lincoln.
E) He was a southern planter who refused to free his slaves.
Why did Massachusetts and Connecticut feel the need to pass sumptuary laws?
A) They weren”t comfortable with the idea that lower class people were taking on the
trappings of the upper classes.
B) They weren”t comfortable with the idea that upper class people were ‘slumming” and
taking on the trappings of the lower classes.
C) They wanted to abolish all signs of the British social class system.
D) They wanted to establish a minimum dress code for the lower classes.
E) They wanted to limit finery for all colonial classes.
By the end of Washington’s first term of office, ________.
A) political harmony had unified the cabinet
B) political squabbling had divided the government
C) political parties had not yet formed
D) the machinery of government had been brought to a standstill
E) politicians listened only to public opinion
How did the Dawes Severalty Act of 1877 try to “civilize” Native Americans?
A) by turning them into landowning ranchers and farmers
B) by making public education compulsory on reservations
C) by threatening to exterminate Indians if they refused to adopt white culture
D) by sending Christian missionaries to convert Indians
E) by arranging for their children to be fostered out to white families
Between 1898 and 1903, the American economy saw ________.
A) an decrease in the number of new, small businesses
B) greater competition in all industries
C) a wave of mergers and consolidations
D) the outlawing of trusts
E) meager business growth overall
________ denied states the right to take Native American tribal lands.
A) McCulloch v. Maryland
B) southern legislatures
C) Worcester v. Georgia
D) Fletcher v. Peck
E) Wallace v. Tennessee
Why was the “civilization” of Native Americans tragic?
A) Some Native Americans refused to become civilized, so they were murdered by
white Americans.
B) Many Native Americans tried to use civilized means like protests and boycotts to
influence the U.S. government for their rights but failed.
C) Few Native Americans wanted to become “civilized” because it meant giving up
their culture in exchange for land and citizenship.
D) Most Native Americans were unable to demonstrate aspects of civilization:
literature, art, or organized society.
E) Some Native Americans sacrificed their culture to try to assimilate into white society
and still they weren”t accepted or granted rights.
What can be assumed about attitudes toward foreign policy given the status of the
Republican Party in the early twentieth century?
A) The pro-isolationist Republicans were the most popular party, so it can be assumed
that expansionists were in the minority.
B) The anti-imperialist Republicans were the most popular party, so it can be assumed
that pro-imperialists were a minority.
C) The pro-isolationist Republicans were the most popular party, so it can be assumed
that interventionists were in the minority.
D) The pro-expansionist Republicans were the most popular party, so it can be assumed
that isolationists were in the minority.
E) The anti-imperialist Republicans were the most popular party, so it can be assumed
that isolationists were also popular.
Dividing the Republican party early in William Howard Taft’s administration was
_____.
A) the debate regarding the role of government in foreign policy
B) the problem of banking regulation
C) a decision concerning the need to lower tariffs
D) the question of campaign strategy
E) the split loyalty between Taft and Roosevelt supporters
Which description best describes the “task” labor that many slaves performed on large
plantations?
A) A group of white overseers pushed a small group of slaves to work around the clock.
B) Large groups of slaves worked side by side with their masters.
C) Large groups of slaves worked from sunrise to sunset under a white overseer.
D) Slaves worked at their own pace with little supervision during an eight-hour day.
E) Large groups of slaves worked together to accomplish major projects.
What was “labor peace,” and how did it affect the war?
A) “Labor peace” was workers agreeing not to strike so that they might work
productively for the war effort.
B) “Labor peace” was the term associated with the mainly socialist union workers who
were working for peace and against the war effort.
C) “Labor peace” meant workers striking peacefully, without resorting to violence or
underhanded tactics.
D) “Labor peace” described the more peaceful factory environment that welcomed
women and African-American workers.
E) “Labor peace” was an alliance of government, business, and labor that benefited
government and business interests.