During the nineteenth century, the center of cotton production ________.
A) moved westward
B) moved eastward
C) moved northward
D) remained in the Southeast
E) remained in the upper South
How did the geography of the United States encourage isolationism among some
Americans?
A) The United States was so close to Canada and Mexico, that expansion there seemed
to make the most sense.
B) The United States was a relatively small country compared to Canada or Mexico,
making it less willing to engage in armed conflicts over land.
C) The United States was protected on both sides by vast oceans that discouraged attack
from Europe or Asia.
D) Natural barriers separated the U.S. from both Canada and Mexico.
E) The United States was beginning to prosper and look for new markets for its
products, and workers for its factories.
Which of these led to unrest in the Balkans?
A) the breakup of Yugoslavia
B) the intervention of an aggressive Austria
C) a surprise Soviet invasion
D) the end of the Cold War
E) Turkey’s continued intervention
Bush’s 2003 decision to go to war in Iraq initially seemed ________.
A) unwise because the U.S. military was consistently defeated by Hussein’s forces
B) necessary because Saddam Hussein was the mastermind of the September 11
terrorist attacks
C) wise because the military quickly succeeded in taking Baghdad
D) wise because he had intelligence that Saddam Hussein was planning a terrorist
attack on the U.S.
E) unwise because UN inspectors found weapons of mass destruction in Baghdad
How did the economic status of the United States change in the wake of World War I?
A) When the war began, the United States was a creditor nation. When the war ended,
the United States was a debtor nation.
B) When the war began, the United States was a debtor nation. When the war ended, the
United States was a creditor nation.
C) When the war began, the United States was an investor nation. When the war ended,
the United States was a lender nation.
D) When the war began, the United States was a lender nation. When the war ended, the
United States was an investor nation.
E) The economic status of the United States changed only minimally in the wake of
World War I and was nearly the same at the beginning and end of the war.
Which of the following resulted from the growth of the working class in the 1830s and
1840s?
A) greater cooperation between employer and employee
B) improvement in working conditions and wages
C) the paternalistic employer-employee relationship
D) more emphasis on skilled labor
E) an upsurge of labor militancy
The Taft-Hartley Act was a 1947 bill that outlawed _______.
A) some labor union activities
B) the formation of labor unions
C) racial discrimination in hiring practices
D) gender discrimination in hiring practices
E) many child labor practices
At the beginning of World War I, Great Britain _____.
A) respected American neutrality
B) made few attempts to influence American policy
C) sought the military aid of the United States
D) sought to restrict American trade with Germany
E) briefly considered a negotiated surrender
The Society of the Cincinnati was formed by ________.
A) George Washington and fellow revolutionary officers
B) Samuel Adams and political contemporaries
C) John Adams and James Madison
D) Thomas Jefferson and George Washington
E) James Madison and John Jay
Which event prompted a massive wave of ‘sit-ins” across the country?
A) African Americans went on a hunger strike after being refused service at a diner.
B) An African-American soldier refused to stand and salute an abusive white officer.
C) A white restaurant owner assaulted a black customer when she sat in a white area.
D) Four college students refused to leave a lunch counter after they were denied
service.
E) Three African-American women would not get off a bus after being asked to move.
In 1946 and 1947, conflict in __________ caused the Truman administration to worry
about the spread of communism around the globe.
A) Egypt and Iran
B) Sweden and Norway
C) Belgium and France
D) Vietnam and Japan
E) Greece and Turkey
Why was George H. W. Bush’s plan to bring down the federal budget deficit
unsuccessful?
A) His plan was never palatable to Congress.
B) His plan coincided with the beginning of a recession.
C) His plan included new taxes but no spending cuts.
D) His plan included spending cuts but no new taxes.
E) His plan did not include new taxes or spending cuts.
How did mapmakers refer to the Great Plains region of the United States between 1825
and 1860?
A) the Barren Plains
B) the Rockies Region
C) the Great American Desert
D) the Great Frontier
E) Indian Country
In what way can Theodore Roosevelt be considered one of the country’s first
conservationist presidents?
A) He created 150 million acres in new forest preserves.
B) He loved animals and set aside many wilderness areas.
C) He believed in sequestering public land, so it would not be used.
D) He opposed the use of coal because it damaged the environment.
E) He was an avid hunter, but confined his big game pursuits to Africa.
The Suffolk Resolves advocated ________.
A) forcible resistance to the Coercive Acts
B) the assassination of British tax collectors
C) the formation of an American navy
D) the repeal of the Stamp Act
E) the formation of the Sons of Liberty
The Ashcan School of artists ________.
A) turned against realistic portrayals of life
B) tried to reflect the reality of urban life
C) were abstract artists
D) were influenced by European artists
E) believed that “less is more”
Why did Samuel Gompers oppose women in the American Federation of Labor?
A) He felt that women workers needed to be organized separately.
B) He believed that women should not work out of the home.
C) He feared that women would attempt to take leadership roles in the union.
D) He knew they could not afford the high initiation fees.
E) He said that women workers would lower the pay scales for men.
Which of the following inventions laid the basis for the ready-to-wear clothing
industry?
A) the sewing machine
B) the button machine
C) blue denim
D) the zipper
E) iron to press clothing
The radical American group that first emerged during the Stamp Act crisis was known
as ________.
A) the Loyalists
B) the Sons of Liberty
C) the Democratic Republicans
D) the Federalists
E) Oliver’s Raiders
How did immigrant families compare to native-born families in the late nineteenth
century?
A) Immigrant families married earlier than native-born families, and as a result, had
more children.
B) Immigrant families had fewer children than native-born families, mostly because
they lived in cramped tenements that could not support large families.
C) Immigrant families tended to marry later and have more children than native-born
families.
D) Immigrant families were usually headed by single women, whereas native-born
Americans tended to have nuclear families.
E) Immigrant families married much earlier than native-born families, and also tended
to die at much earlier ages.
After Lincoln’s election, which best describes what happened in the upper South?
A) States there immediately seceded.
B) These states were afraid to secede since they were so close to the Union forces.
C) States there did not think that Lincoln’s election alone was a good enough reason to
secede.
D) States there began taking steps to emancipate their slaves.
E) These states considered forming their own republic separate from the North and the
Deep South.
What was the primary motivation for the passage of the Social Security Act?
A) It was motivated by a belief that people ought to take responsibility for their
economic decisions and situations.
B) It was motivated by a desire to fend off Republican challenges to Democratic
policies and to ensure that FDR would be reelected.
C) It was motivated by a belief that wealth should be distributed equally among all
American citizens and across all social classes.
D) It was motivated by a concern that radical elements within American society would
gain power if discontent among the poor and dispossessed was not remedied.
E) It was motivated by a sense of duty to ensure that all American citizens, especially
the elderly, handicapped, and unemployed, were adequately protected.
Why didn’t William Paterson’s New Jersey Plan appeal to most delegates of the
Philadelphia Convention?
A) It failed to provide a solution to the Convention’s most pressing issues.
B) It proposed a two-house national legislature, giving the federal government too
much power.
C) It represented the wishes only of the large states, excluding small and weak states.
D) It was strongly supported by Madison and his colleagues, so most delegates rejected
it on that basis alone.
E) It denied Congress power to tax or regulate trade, severely hampering its political
and economic viability.
The technical innovation of the nineteenth century with the widest impact was
________.
A) the Kodak camera
B) the oil well
C) the automobile
D) the railroad
E) the steam ship
How did Ralph Nader’s candidacy in the 2000 presidential election affect the race?
A) Gore moved further to the left, leaving more room for Bush among independents.
B) Gore moved further to the right, alienating a large portion of his voter base.
C) Bush moved further to the right, leaving more room for Gore among independents.
D) Bush moved further to the left, taking a large portion of Gore’s voter base.
E) Both Gore and Bush moved further to the right, attracting independent voters.
Which statement best characterizes how the labor force changed during the 1800s?
A) Male workers made the transition from being factory workers to being artisans.
B) Male workers made the transition from being artisans to being factory workers.
C) Married women were more likely to work in factories than men.
D) Married women were more likely to work in factories than unmarried women.
E) Immigrants were being replaced in factories by native-born Americans.
In the early 1790s, British actions toward the United States indicated ________.
A) respect for the status of the new nation
B) a desire to recruit the United States as a close ally
C) disdain for American rights
D) a willingness to join the French in taking advantage of the new country
E) the need for American resources to feed and clothe British troops
How did the Democratic Party change its tactics in the early 1990s and regain the White
House?
A) It became more liberal in order to differentiate itself from the Independent Party.
B) It became more moderate and began tailoring programs to the middle class.
C) It stopped focusing on the middle class and instead sought upper class support.
D) It abandoned the traditional Democratic goals such as healthcare reform.
E) It strengthened its focus on the importance of big government.
How did FDR help Great Britain after France fell to the Nazis?
A) He placed a total embargo on all trade to Nazi Germany and any countries allied
with Hitler.
B) He traded destroyers in exchange for the rights to build bases on British possessions
in the Western Hemisphere.
C) He negotiated an agreement with Hitler in exchange for American neutrality in the
war.
D) He supplied Great Britain with two hundred fighter planes and fifty military
advisors.
E) He brought the United States into World War II on the side of the Allied nations.
A major financial problem that confronted mid-eighteenth-century America involved
the ________.
A) colonists’ heavy debt to the British
B) colonists’ refusal to buy English products
C) shortage of gold and silver coinage
D) colonies’ failure to print paper money
E) lack of credit available to merchants
What was the chief reason France was slow to establish a North American empire?
A) poor relations with the Indians of Canada and the West
B) the French government’s indifference to affairs in the New World
C) too many French settlers moving to the New World too quickly
D) an inability to find anything of economic consequence in the New World
E) too much competition with the English settlers over land in the New World
How does the Marbury v. Madison case influence legislature today?
A) It established the constitutionality of political parties and the limits on political
contributions.
B) It began the civil rights movement, determining that the rights of life, liberty, and the
pursuit of happiness are for all people.
C) It was the first unanimous ruling, demonstrating that even politically divided
Supreme Courts can work together.
D) It began the process of rewriting the U.S. Constitution, making it the document
legislators use today.
E) It established precedence for the Supreme Court to judge the constitutionality of
congressional acts.
The most important figure in American finance was ________.
A) J. P. Morgan
B) Andrew Carnegie
C) Andrew Mellon
D) Albert Fink
E) E. F. Hutton
How was the War of 1812 both a success and a failure for Americans?
A) The U.S. won all the battles but lost the war in that the Treaty of Ghent gave them
only maritime rights and did not discuss impressments.
B) The U.S. felt confirmed as a strong nation, yet it did not receive maritime rights or
guarantees that Britain would end impressment.
C) The U.S. lost all major battles, wasting lives and resources, but it gained maritime
rights and an end to impressment in the Treaty of Ghent.
D) The U.S. lost valuable land in the West, but gained all of its stated goals.
E) The U.S. gained land in the West, all of the stated war aims in the peace treaty, but
lost many lives and resources in the war.