________ came to symbolize the triumph of democracy in the 1820s.
A) Henry Clay
B) John C. Calhoun
C) Daniel Webster
D) Martin Van Buren
E) Andrew Jackson
Which of the following places events in the correct chronological order?
A) Morrill Land Grant Act, Plessy v. Ferguson, establishment of Tuskegee Institute
B) Plessy v. Ferguson, Morrill Land Grant Act, establishment of Tuskegee Institute
C) Establishment of Tuskegee Institute, Morrill Land Grant Act, Plessy v. Ferguson
D) Morrill Land Grant Act, establishment of Tuskegee Institute, Plessy v. Ferguson
E) Plessy v. Ferguson, establishment of Tuskegee Institute, Morrill Land Grant Act
A central tenet of Reagan’s approach to foreign policy at the beginning of his
presidency was the belief that ________.
A) the Palestine Liberation Organization represented a serious threat to the United
States
B) trading arms for hostages was an effective way to negotiate quietly with terrorists
C) the Middle East needed United States intervention to achieve freedom
D) the Soviet Union was a deadly enemy that threatened the United States
E) Israel could not be trusted to honor its agreements
Why was the American expansion of the 1890s different from earlier expansionist
efforts?
A) It was intended for settlement.
B) It had primarily agricultural objectives.
C) It would create economic and military colonies overseas.
D) It would venture into uninhabited areas.
E) It was the result of war and invasion.
Why was the Battle of the Bulge an important battle during World War II?
A) It was the battle that drew the United States into the war.
B) It was Hitler’s first loss in the war, showing the world that he could be beaten.
C) It was the first time the Allies gained significant ground in Europe.
D) The Allies won the battle and immediately ended the war.
E) The engagement exhausted Hitler’s reserves and fatally weakened his army.
Why did the nation’s progressive reformers oppose the United States’ involvement in
World War I?
A) They were naturally pessimistic and knew that the United States would lose.
B) They understood how financially costly the war would be for the nation.
C) They did not believe the reports sent over from Europe.
D) They opposed the Allied position because it was one of aggression.
E) They felt the war was pursued for financial and commercial reasons.
Hoover’s response to the Great Depression could best be described as _______.
A) restrained and cautious
B) innovative and adaptive
C) humanitarian and pragmatic
D) socialist and radical
E) aggressive and rapid
How did Richard Hakluyt keep the dream of colonizing America alive?
A) He explored the New World and brought exotic products back to England.
B) He interviewed explorers and told their stories in a popular book.
C) He started a successful colony that made reasonably good profits.
D) He wrote a work on the variety and cultural diversity of Native Americans.
E) He wrote a fictional story about a settlement but claimed it was a factual account.
One thing some forward-thinking business leaders did because they were concerned
about labor unrest was to ________.
A) initiate drug testing
B) encourage union activism
C) study applied psychology
D) ignore the problem
E) adopt a policy of limited force and coercion
The “kitchen cabinet” was ________.
A) Jackson’s special staff of gourmet chefs who prepared White House meals,
demonstrating his hypocrisy with regard to social deference
B) a reference to the fact that the only place Jackson could consult with his official
advisors in secrecy was in the White House kitchen
C) Jackson’s circle of unofficial advisors
D) the oldest piece of furniture in the White House, saved from destruction by then
General Jackson when the British burned the executive mansion in 1814
E) where Jackson kept his state papers, demonstrating his humility and true “common
man” character
To secure the necessary troops for the war, both the North and the South ________.
A) resorted to a draft
B) forbade wealthy men to buy exemptions
C) allowed women to join combat units
D) hired mercenaries from Europe
E) used “press gangs,” coercion, and blackmail to obtain soldiers
Which of the following best describes the state of the nation in the wake of World War
II?
A) The United States was drastically weaker than it had been before the war.
B) The United States was slightly weaker than it had been before the war.
C) The United States had about the same amount of power as it had before the war.
D) The United States was slightly more powerful than it had been before the war.
E) The United States had become the most powerful country in the world.
What was the main implication behind Black Codes?
A) Southerners were willing to allow African Americans legal equality.
B) Southerners wanted African Americans to return to positions of servitude.
C) Southerners were interested in improving the education of the freedmen.
D) The freedmen would be allowed to vote and participate in the political process.
E) The idea of ‘separate but equal” was unconstitutional and would not be allowed.
What was the Berlin airlift?
A) a state-of-the-art transportation system designed to revive the postwar German
economy
B) a top secret method of transporting American spies into and out of the Soviet Union
C) a military operation to bring supplies to troops and civilians in Soviet-controlled
Berlin
D) the first plane capable of dropping a hydrogen bomb anywhere in the world
E) a mission to bomb Berlin after the Soviet Union cut off the city from American
forces
Compared to New England, Chesapeake society ________.
A) was more democratic
B) was characterized by small farms
C) had fewer families
D) was more densely populated
E) had fewer slaves
Which part of the Compromise of 1850 was most opposed by Northerners?
A) admission of California as a free state
B) opening of New Mexico and Utah territories to slavery under popular sovereignty
C) reduction of Texas to its present boundaries
D) enactment of the new Fugitive Slave Law
E) prohibition of slavery in the District of Columbia
Before becoming president, William Howard Taft’s greatest strength was _____.
A) as an administrator
B) as a coalition-builder
C) as an economic strategist
D) as a political organizer
E) as an orator
James Oglethorpe was responsible for the founding of ________.
A) New Jersey
B) Carolina colony
C) Georgia
D) Maryland
E) Connecticut
By 1935, Roosevelt’s severest critics were those _______.
A) who were members of the Supreme Court
B) accusing him of being a socialist
C) demanding more radical reforms
D) accusing him of ignoring foreign interests
E) scolding him for not helping African Americans
The individual who rocketed to national attention because of the Pullman strike was
________.
A) Jacob Coxey
B) Theodore Dreiser
C) Eugene V. Debs
D) Henry Adams
E) Thomas Watson
The Whig Party ________.
A) generally supported Jackson’s presidency
B) grew from a coalition of Jackson’s opponents
C) refused the support of other, smaller parties
D) represented political ideas unique to the American experience
E) supported abolition
The United States’ right to intervene in Latin America was stated in the _____.
A) Sussex Pledge
B) Zimmermann Note
C) Roosevelt Corollary
D) Lodge Corollary
E) Foster Testimony
One of the major causes of ________ was the disfranchisement of landless freemen by
the Virginia House of Burgesses in 1670.
A) Bacon’s Rebellion
B) Coode’s Rebellion
C) Leisler’s Rebellion
D) the Stono Uprising
E) Shays’s Rebellion
How did the New Deal affect American industrial workers?
A) It provided them with jobs, regardless of race or gender.
B) It provided the means for them to organize and bargain for benefits.
C) It allowed skilled workers to unionize, but left unskilled workers unrepresented.
D) It left them at the mercy of businesses that were supported by the government.
E) It squeezed out women and minorities to give jobs to white male workers.
Which of the following best characterizes the primary message of Jonathan Edwards’
preaching?
A) that a combination of good deeds and steadfast faith could bring salvation
B) that salvation would come through repentance only
C) that the eternal fate of individuals was determined at birth
D) that Old Light spokesmen were the only true possessors of truth
E) that people could redeem themselves by performing good works
What was the touchstone of the new counterculture of the sixties?
A) journalism
B) photography
C) painting
D) TV programs
E) music
At the outset of the Spanish-American War, ________.
A) there was little public support for the war in the United States
B) the American military was well prepared to fight a war
C) it was difficult to find the necessary volunteers for the American military
D) the army signed up as many as a million volunteers
E) the American army was 200,000 soldiers strong
What ultimately caused the National Recovery Administration to fail?
A) It did not address business owners’ goals of stabilizing production and raising prices.
B) It compelled all companies to join, regardless of whether they wanted to or not.
C) In the final analysis, very few industries decided to enroll in the NRA.
D) Its rules favored large corporations over small businesses and laborers.
E) It did not attempt to address labor leaders’ goals of establishing a minimum wage.
Which of the following individuals was NOT a member of George Washington’s first
government?
A) Thomas Jefferson
B) James Madison
C) Edmund Randolph
D) Alexander Hamilton
E) Henry Knox
Congressional Republicans believed that Reconstruction should _______.
A) guarantee that the southern ruling class would not regain power
B) return the South to its prewar system, minus slavery
C) treat the South as a conquered nation
D) guarantee the civil rights of freedmen
E) follow the plan that had been outlined by Lincoln
What was most important about the SALT I agreements?
A) They revealed the extent of the secret Soviet nuclear-weapon stockpiling.
B) They demonstrated that the United States would not compromise on its weapons
program.
C) They demonstrated that the Soviet Union would not compromise on its weapons
program.
D) They were a symbolic first step in a peaceful resolution of U.S.-Soviet tensions.
E) They were critical in exacerbating the stresses and tensions of the Cold War.
How did hotels symbolize the American spirit in the 1820s”1840s?
A) Like democracy, they were open to all men, but closed to women; they also showed
how easily people moved around physically, socially, economically, and politically.
B) Hotels reflected the cultural changesparticularly the blurring of class distinctionsthat
accompanied the extension of the franchise in the period.
C) Hotels were often sites of debauchery and illicit behaviors, showing that Americans
had become morally bankrupt.
D) Hotels were expensive demonstrating the entrepreneurial power of the American
spirit.
E) Hotels were large, cavernous places, not the cozy warm places that old-fashioned
inns were; they symbolized the size of America geographically, economically, and
politically.
How did the two-party political system of 1840 differ from the previous system?
A) In 1840, there was a two-party system, which only allowed for two candidates; in
Jefferson’s time there were many parties and candidates.
B) In 1840, the two-party system was regionally organized, meaning there were more
than two candidates; in Jefferson’s time parties were national.
C) In 1840, the two-party system dominated political, social, and economic life; during
Jefferson’s time, political parties had a much narrower, political impact.
D) In 1840, the two-party system had little impact on people’s lives, whereas political
parties of Jefferson’s time affected politics, social life, and economics.
E) In 1840, there were no real differences between the two parties, so voters had no real
choice; before, political parties and candidates had varied greatly.
The Reconstruction Acts _______.
A) gave freedmen the power to protect themselves
B) led to a decade-long period of military rule
C) were supported only by Radical Republicans
D) readmitted states based on the number of freedmen
E) were actually a retreat from true radicalism
How are the Quasi-War and the XYZ Affair related?
A) The XYZ Affair was the most significant “battle” in the Quasi-War between the U.S.
and France.
B) The Quasi-War was one factor leading to the XYZ Affair.
C) They XYZ Affair and the Quasi-War are examples of European attacks on the
United States.
D) The XYZ Affair ended the Quasi-War between the U.S. and France.
E) The XYZ Affair was a disagreement between England and the U.S., whereas the
Quasi-War was a disagreement between France and the U.S.