How were American railroads different from European railroads?
A) American railroads connected only major cities, whereas older European railroads
connected small towns as well.
B) European railroads employed workers from the upper class, whereas American
railroad workers were from the lowest class in society.
C) European railroads brought goods to places that could not be reached any other way,
whereas American railroads could reach only metropolitan areas.
D) Trains on American railroads were not able to travel as far or as fast as European
trains because the land on which they traveled was undeveloped.
E) European railroads were built between already existing towns, but American
railroads often created the towns that they served.
Cooperationists believed that the slave states ________.
A) should act as a unit rather than secede one at a time
B) should remain in the Union
C) should form a new union with northern states
D) and the free states should simply find a way to get along
E) should cooperate with Britain and France
Why was there an uproar surrounding the formation of the Society of the Cincinnati?
A) The public feared that it amounted to an American aristocracy.
B) Many women were angry because membership was exclusively male.
C) Religious leaders felt the society was pagan in its rituals.
D) Parents feared allowing young men and women to meet without chaperones.
E) Southerners questioned the society’s strong anti-slavery stance.
The principle of the “iron law of wages” stated that ________.
A) the welfare of the workers dictated wages
B) supply and demand regulated wages
C) all workers should be treated the same
D) the quality of work should be determined by managers
E) wages should remain unchanged as long as possible
How did U.S. exports in 1929 compare to exports in 1914?
A) They were halved.
B) They had tripled.
C) They had remained stagnant.
D) They had increased tenfold.
E) They had increased marginally.
Which best describes how divisions among Algonquian groups helped facilitate
European conquest of their lands?
A) Algonquian groups were so busy fighting each other that they did not notice the
European arrivals.
B) Algonquian groups competed among each other to become trading partners with
European arrivals.
C) Algonquian groups could not communicate with each other and thus could not warn
each other of European invaders.
D) Algonquian groups had a strict hierarchy that made it much easier for Europeans to
conquer them.
E) Algonquian groups were likely to form alliances with outsiders than each other.
What was the significance of Ford’s Highland Park plant in the transition to modern
America?
A) It was the first factory to open in the United States.
B) It marked the maturity of mass production in the United States.
C) This plant produced crucial military equipment for World War I.
D) It was the place in which organized labor first emerged.
E) Women laborers were employed here for the first time.
Which of the following was a consequence of the Nye Committee’s findings?
A) Congress passed the neutrality acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937.
B) Secretary of State Kellogg signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact.
C) The R.O.T.C. was temporarily disbanded on college campuses.
D) The pacifist movement in America dwindled significantly.
E) Congress banned the sale of guns inside the United States.
What did immigrants from the four major Hispanic groups have in common?
A) They tended to be relatively wealthy.
B) They tended to have few children.
C) They tended to be relatively young.
D) They tended to have very high college graduation rates.
E) They tended to live primarily in rural areas.
By 1960, America’s gross national product was ________ the 1940 gross national
product.
A) less than half
B) about ten percent less than
C) about the same as
D) about fifty percent higher than
E) more than double
Nixon’s program to improve relations with the Soviet Union was known as ________.
A) containment
B) dtente
C) perestroika
D) dmarche
E) entente
William Penn acquired the Three Lower Counties to provide Pennsylvania with
A) Philadelphia.
B) settlers.
C) access to the Atlantic.
D) arable land lacking in Pennsylvania.
E) mineral resources.
How did Southerners react to Lincoln’s victory in the presidential election of 1860?
A) They celebrated the end of sectionalist tensions that plagued the nation.
B) They were optimistic that Lincoln would preserve their interests.
C) They redoubled their efforts to win the next congressional election.
D) They resigned themselves to being permanent minorities in America.
E) They launched a movement to secede from the Union.
When American troops entered Germany, they were shocked to discover _______.
A) the lack of damage to German infrastructure
B) the presence of American expatriate communities
C) the destruction committed by Russian troops
D) the establishment of a third front
E) the conditions inside concentration camps
At the beginning of World War I, Americans _____.
A) showed little interest in the conflict
B) sided strongly with the British
C) were eager to enter the conflict
D) sided strongly with the Germans
E) generally accepted neutrality
Why did Congress pass the Naturalization Law?
A) to help immigrants assimilate into society
B) to allow the government to deport undesirable aliens
C) to allow the Federalists to maintain political control
D) to create a heterogeneous society for America
E) to keep out eastern European immigrants
Where did antislavery orators and organizers tend to have their greatest success?
A) border states
B) the upper North
C) large cities
D) frontier territories
E) northern state legislatures
Which of these led voter participation in elections to increase dramatically between
1824 and 1840?
A) The population of the U.S. grew, so the number of voters increased.
B) People who had been migrating were settled and could register and vote.
C) African Americans in the North were given permission and encouragement to vote.
D) Politicians changed campaigning practices, drawing in more voters.
E) Native Americans in the South and West were given permission and encouragement
to vote.
Which was NOT a consequence of the advent of advertising and large-scale retailing?
A) Chain stores spread across the country.
B) The demand for goods increased.
C) A new type of consumption united much of the country in a homogenous culture.
D) Most consumers felt threatened by new industrial goods.
E) Americans became aware of needs they didn’t realize they had.
How did the Mexican-American War affect sectional tensions in the U.S.?
A) Tensions were appeased because of the expansion of slavery.
B) New ties between the Old and New Northwest increased national harmony.
C) Linked by railroads, the entire country entered a period of unprecedented harmony.
D) It eased North-South tensions because of the acquisition of new territory.
E) It exacerbated North-South conflicts because of the slavery issue.
Which statement below is true of the American Colonization Society?
A) African countries refused to participate in the program.
B) It advocated immediate emancipation of slaves.
C) It was opposed by African Americans in the North.
D) Government intervention hampered its efforts.
E) It was responsible for most of the emancipations prior to the Civil War.
Which of the following statements reflects Lincoln’s view of Reconstruction?
A) Free amnesty for all southerners including those who had willingly aided the
Confederacy.
B) Reconstruction would guarantee full political and civil equality for southern blacks.
C) Congress would determine the terms for readmission of the seceded states.
D) Pardons would be granted to all southerners who took an oath to the Union.
E) The president and Congress would work together to readmit the Confederate states.
Which of the following was NOT a reason that urban political machines stayed in
power?
A) Municipal governments rarely provided public services such as water.
B) They understood how to use the political system for their own good.
C) They performed social services for immigrants.
D) There was little regard for the political system.
E) The cities needed the services they provided.
During the 1960s and 1970s, Csar Chvez ________.
A) led a communist takeover of Nicaragua
B) organized a Chicano political movement known as La Raza Unida
C) organized California grape and lettuce workers to strike for higher wages
D) was the first Hispanic player to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame
E) campaigned for bilingual education programs in public schools in California and
Texas
What was the significance of the Big Bonanza in 1873?
A) It made Henry Comstock the richest man in the world.
B) It was the largest wheat farm on the Great Plains.
C) It was discovered near Pike’s Peak in California.
D) It was the richest discovery in the history of mining.
E) It indirectly led to an uprising of Sioux Indians.
Why did some working class women oppose the Equal Rights Amendment?
A) They worried about losing the protections of state laws designed to help women.
B) They worried that their bosses would fire them if they openly supported it.
C) They thought it helped middle-class women but ignored working class women.
D) They feared that it would lead to the drafting of women into the military.
E) They mistrusted the National Organization for Women, which sponsored it.
Which of the following was NOT a Hamiltonian idea?
A) Private greed could be the source of public good.
B) The new government depended primarily on the wealthiest Americans.
C) France was the United States’ most important ally.
D) A national bank was necessary for the country’s economic health.
E) Anarchy was a greater threat than monarchy.
The victory at ________ gave the Union control of the Mississippi River.
A) Gettysburg
B) Vicksburg
C) Richmond
D) Shiloh
E) Fredericksburg
By the mid-1820s, the Cherokee had each of the following EXCEPT ________.
A) a written language
B) a written constitution providing a republican form of government
C) a system of slavery regulated by law
D) a military force capable of defending their lands against white encroachment
E) a salaried government bureaucracy
In the 1930s, support for pacifism was particularly strong among _______.
A) college students
B) high-ranking businessmen
C) labor unions
D) the elderly
E) the lower classes
Significant medical developments in Victorian America included all of the following
EXCEPT ________.
A) eradication of tuberculosis, typhoid, and diphtheria
B) discovery that germs cause infection and disease
C) relatively safe and painless surgery
D) more antiseptic practices in childbirth
E) development of vaccines to prevent diseases
How did African-American activism affect social change for other ethnic groups?
A) Other ethnic groups were unimpressed with the strategies of African-American
activists and tried to enact social change in other ways.
B) Other ethnic groups had little success in making social change since the country was
weary of protests for racial justice.
C) Other ethnic groups were inspired greatly by African-American activism and
launched their own protests for social change.
D) Other ethnic groups were afraid to protest after seeing the violence
African-American activists endured from authorities.
E) Other ethnic groups were resentful of successes in the civil rights movement because
the social changes of the 1960s affected only African Americans.