If there is an inconsistency between an individual’s attitude on a specific issue and
his/her behavior, there are only two courses of action available-alter the attitude or alter
the behavior.
According to John Holland’s personality-job fit theory, individuals belonging to the
conventional type prefer ambiguous activities that allow creative expression.
The group order ranking method of performance evaluation combines major elements
from the critical incident and graphic rating scale approaches.
The performance review should be designed more as a counseling activity than as a
judgment process.
Research has shown that the larger the team, the more effective its performance.
Over the past 50 years, the earnings gap between whites and other racial and ethnic
groups has decreased significantly.
Older people are more likely to quit and change jobs than younger employees.
Material symbols convey to employees the degree of egalitarianism that is desired by
top management.
People with high political skills are able to exert their influence without others detecting
it.
Whistle-blowing is not considered to be a political behavior.
Under the zero-sum approach, any gain one person or group achieves has to come at the
expense of another person or group.
Workers around the world prefer rewards based on seniority over rewards based on
performance and skills.
With reference to decision making, which of the following does satisficing involve?
A) weighing each criteria before making a decision
B) seeking solutions that are satisfactory and sufficient
C) scrutinizing and evaluating each alternative in detail
D) selecting the best option with the highest utility
E) finding optimal solutions to problems
________ refers to the tendency of people to associate two events when in reality there
is no connection.
A) Affect intensity
B) Focusing effect
C) Distinction bias
D) Omission bias
E) Illusory correlation
Which of the following is true about substitutes for leadership?
A) Substitutes are clearly distinguishable from neutralizers.
B) Substitutes enhance the need for leader’s support or ability to create structure.
C) Substitutes increase the levels of identification-based trust.
D) Substitutes are factors and conditions that replace formal leadership.
E) Organizations cannot provide any substitutes for leadership.
What is the first step in the rational decision-making model?
A) developing alternatives
B) defining the problem
C) identifying the decision criteria
D) weighing the decision criteria
E) evaluating the alternatives
Research on power is likely to provide information on the most effective ________.
A) leadership styles for motivating followers
B) methods to reduce dependence on leaders
C) tactics for gaining compliance of employees
D) methods of rewarding successful employees
E) modes of assessing employee performance
________ make it impossible for leader behavior to make any difference to follower
outcomes.
A) Catalysts
B) Mentors
C) Neutralizers
D) Hygiene factors
E) Vision and charisma
Which of the following is a characteristic of a simple structure?
A) high centralization
B) inflexibility
C) narrow spans of control
D) ambiguous accountability
E) high degree of formalization
A difference in ________ would indicate deep-level diversity.
A) gender
B) age
C) ethnicity
D) disability
E) values
According to the expectancy theory, the performance-reward relationship is the degree
to which ________.
A) the individual believes performing at a particular level will lead to desired outcomes
B) organizational rewards satisfy an individual’s personal goals or needs
C) organizational rewards are perceived as attractive by the individual
D) the individual believes that exerting a given amount of effort will lead to
performance
E) organization rewards correspond with the individual’s level of effort
The ________ process helps candidates learn about the organization, and if employees
perceive a conflict between their values and those of the organization, they can remove
themselves from the applicant pool.
A) orientation
B) training
C) performance evaluation
D) selection
E) institutionalization
Austin Reed is a graduate student helping to organize a study on individual job
satisfaction. The study focuses on the top five causes of satisfaction or dissatisfaction
on the job. His department is surveying 200 individuals in 100 different types of
organizations. Austin is most likely a graduate student in the department of ________.
A) psychology
B) anthropology
C) political science
D) entomology
E) archaeology
Which of the following needs would most likely motivate Joanna?
A) social
B) esteem
C) physiological
D) self-actualization
E) safety
The criteria of member satisfaction is best met by the ________ type of formal
small-group network.
A) hierarchical
B) wheel
C) chain
D) traditional
E) all-channel
The main drawback of representative participation as an employee involvement
measure is that ________.
A) it is a time-consuming process
B) it is able to exert its impact only in the short run
C) it is primarily symbolic in its impact
D) it is consistent with the Theory Y view of motivation
E) it is likely to require a major change in organizational roles
The performance variables productivity, absenteeism, and turnover are generally
considered a part of the ________ behaviors in the exit-voice-loyalty-neglect
framework.
A) voice and neglect
B) neglect and loyalty
C) voice and exit
D) loyalty and voice
E) exit and neglect
According to the situational leadership theory, if followers are unable and willing to do
a task, then a leader needs to ________.
A) follow a supportive style
B) engage in participative leadership
C) refrain from providing too many inputs
D) display high task and relationship orientation
E) demonstrate high task and low relationship orientation
Which of the following is a desirable feature of leadership?
A) one-directional influence from the leader to the follower
B) coercive power and authority
C) lack of freedom
D) passivity of followers
E) coexistence of leaders and managers
According to goal-setting theory, goals are more likely to have a stronger impact on
performance when ________.
A) goals have long time frames for completion
B) tasks are complex rather than simple
C) tasks are novel rather than well learned
D) goals are easy rather than difficult
E) tasks are independent rather than interdependent
Which of the following steps of the appreciative inquiry attempts to identify what
people think are the organization’s strengths?
A) dreaming
B) destiny
C) collaboration
D) inferring
E) discovery
The ________ network is a type of formal small-group network that rigidly follows the
formal and hierarchical levels of command.
A) matrix
B) chain
C) wheel
D) all channel
E) cross-functional
Why do only a few absolutes apply to organizational behavior?
What is evidence-based management (EBM)?
What is the relationship between performance norms, cohesiveness, and group
productivity?
How must roles be allocated to ensure effective team performance?
What are core self-evaluations? Differentiate between positive and negative core
self-evaluations.
In the context of social learning, explain the four processes that determine a model’s
influence on an individual.