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Similarity is a characteristic under the social identity theory that manifests itself in the
________.
A) tendency of ingroup members to notice and emphasize identities that reflect how
different they are from other groups
B) tendency of people who have greater uniformity in values and characteristics to have
greater group identification as well
C) tendency of people to link themselves to high-status groups in an attempt to define
themselves favorably
D) tendency of people to use the group as a means of understanding who they are and
how they fit into the world
E) tendency of ingroup members to prefer and endorse the products, ideas, and aspects
of someone else's culture over their own
Which of the following is true regarding formal groups?
A) They are natural formations that arise in response to the need for social contact.
B) They lack clearly defined structures and roles for their members.
C) They have negligible impact on employee performance and behavior.
D) A group of people who come together to protest against a new law make up a formal
group.
E) They are marked by stipulated behaviors in pursuit of organizational goals.
________ is the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities.
A) Anthropology
B) Deontology
C) Epistemology
D) Agnotology
E) Dysteleology
A prerequisite condition for job rotation is the ________.
A) presence of high level of autonomy among workers
B) presence of high need for affiliation among workers
C) presence of employees with similar skill sets and requirements
D) presence of alternative work arrangements for employees to avail
E) presence of employee involvement programs
Chain of command is a key element of an organization's structure. Which of the
following key questions is addressed by this element?
A) How many individuals can a manager efficiently and effectively direct?
B) To whom do individuals and groups report?
C) On what basis will jobs be grouped together?
D) To what degree are activities subdivided into separate jobs?
E) To what degree will there be rules and regulations to direct employees and
managers?
Which of the following steps could your supervisor take to best help you develop a
commitment to your new company?
A) encourage you to work independently at first to learn the ropes
B) explain the rules and policies of the organization to you
C) discourage you from putting too much emphasis on your perception of the
organization
D) encourage you to look carefully at your own assumptions, which may be biased
E) encourage you to develop friendship ties within the organization
According to the Fiedler contingency model, high managerial control is characterized
by ________.
A) high task structure, good leader-member relations, and strong position power
B) limited position power, good leader-member relations, and low task structure
C) less structured jobs, strong position power, and moderate leader-member relations
D) broad employee responsibilities, low position power, and moderate leader-member
relations
E) good leader-member relations, low position power, unstructured jobs
Gina Sanchez, an architect in California, is renovating an old school building and
turning it into a retail and entertainment space. She must decide how the existing layout
can be redesigned and modified to best suit the new uses. Which of the following
dimensions of intelligence will most help Gina reimagine the existing building?
A) haptic perception
B) spatial visualization
C) memory
D) inductive reasoning
E) deductive reasoning
Which of the following is a shortcut used in judging others by making generalizations?
A) hindsight bias
B) randomness error
C) stereotyping
D) illusory superiority
E) telescoping effect
In ________ organizations, the lack of frequent face-to-face contact makes establishing
a common set of norms very difficult.
A) highly formalized
B) boundaryless
C) virtual
D) matrix
E) highly centralized
According to the attribution theory, if a behavior scores ________, we tend to attribute
it to external causes.
A) low on distinctiveness
B) low on adaptability
C) low on consistency
D) high on stability
E) low on consensus
According to a 2011 survey, many workers in Qtopia Inc. are dissatisfied with their
jobs. The survey revealed that most of the dissatisfied workers believe that they have
very little control over their job assignments. Therefore, to increase workers' job
satisfaction, Boris, a production manager, feels they need to only concentrate on
changing the dissatisfied workers' beliefs regarding the degree of control they have over
their job assignments. Which of the following, if true, would weaken the conclusion
made by Boris?
A) Many dissatisfied workers feel that their wages are too low and working conditions
are unsatisfactory.
B) The number of workers in Qtopia Inc. who are satisfied with their jobs is greater
than the number of workers who are dissatisfied.
C) The workers in Qtopia Inc. are more dissatisfied than workers in other companies.
D) The 2008 edition of a popular magazine included Qtopia Inc. on its list of 100 best
companies to work for.
E) The workers in the company who are satisfied with their jobs believe that they have
sufficient control over their job assignments.
Which of the following statements is true concerning international selection practices?
A) Structured interviews are popular in all countries.
B) Beliefs about how one should conduct an interpersonal interview are consistent
across countries.
C) The use of educational qualifications in screening candidates seems to be a universal
practice.
D) Employee selection policies and practices do not require modification from one
country to another.
E) Individuals are typically much more effective at selecting candidates than groups.
Gerald Murphy is a manager at Wright & Wayner, a publishing house which is a very
employee-friendly company. The demarcation between managers and subordinates is
flexible and the nature of these reporting relationships is flexible and informal. Gerald
recently assigned five of eight of his subordinates to work on a new publication project
with a fairly tight deadline because he believed that these efficient employees would
function even better with each other's support. A week before the deadline, however,
Gerald realized that the group had been shirking work as each of the members thought
that the project was not just his or her responsibility. Additionally, under the guise of
working together, the team was actually doing their personal work, surfing the Internet,
or just socializing. This scenario reflects ________.
A) gainsharing
B) high process gains
C) reflexive goal-setting
D) job sharing
E) social loafing
Which of the following is a terminal value according to the Rokeach Value Survey?
A) personal discipline
B) self-reliance
C) goal-orientation
D) social recognition
E) self-improvement
The two general groupings into which power may be categorized are ________.
A) informational and personal
B) formal and informal
C) informal and legitimate
D) formal and personal
E) direct and indirect
The major advantage of a virtual organization is its ________.
A) decentralized structure
B) ability to enhance role clarity
C) flexibility
D) highly departmentalized structure
E) ability to minimize organizational politics
Which of the following, if true, would strengthen the argument in favor of adopting job
rotation?
A) The company is currently facing numerous budget constraints.
B) The company can enhance productivity of existing employees in various areas for
different projects.
C) Two front-level managers have resigned in the last quarter as they were not
promoted.
D) The company has launched a new brand which is cannibalizing one of its existing
products.
E) The company has recently given employees new responsibilities by combining their
routine tasks into natural work units.
E-Way is an electronics company that is developing a new cellphone that will be
released in the market soon. Which of the following, if true, would strengthen the
argument that the company should use social media to promote the new cellphone?
A) E-Way's last two releases received a lot of criticism from consumers.
B) One of E-Way's rival companies had used social media unsuccessfully to advertise
its new product.
C) The production team overshot the budget and the marketing team has low funds.
D) The target consumers for the cellphone are not restricted to any demographic
category.
E) The company has a tightly integrated production and distribution mechanism.
Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding cognitive
dissonance?
A) High dissonance is accompanied by high rewards.
B) People are less inspired to reduce dissonance when it is within their control.
C) People are less likely to reduce dissonance when the behavior is crucial.
D) People are more motivated to reduce dissonance when attitudes are important.
E) The desire to reduce dissonance is not affected by moods and emotions.
