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Which of the following statement does not apply to Chris?
a. He would benefit from psychological programming.
b. He would benefit from educational programming.
c. His behaviors have shown he does not fit in with the prison subculture.
d. He has conformed to the adaptive role of doing time.
By far the most successful pretrial release program has been_____________________.
a. day reporting centers
b. percentage bail (10 percent)
c. property bonds
d. release on recognizance (ROR)
Tracy and Stacy have the same criminal histories and were both sentenced for a
criminal sexual conduct offense. Tracy received a probation sentence and Stacy was
sent to prison for twenty months. Six months later it was determined that Stacy was not
involved in the offense. It was actually her twin sister Lacy. This was determined after
critical evidence was reexamined.
The sentences Tracy and Stacy received are an example of
a. sentencing disparity.
b. good sentencing practices.
c. "youdo the crime, you do the time."
d. justice.
In about _______percent of juvenile criminal cases in the United States, jurisdiction is
waived to adult court.
a. 20
b. 15
c. 5
d. 1
Communicating with and motivating people who are on probation or parole is known as
a. motivational interviewing.
b. changing communication styles.
c. manipulating offenders to change.
d. role modeling prosocial behaviors.
Probation may be revoked if the probationer fails to attend a mandatory therapy session.
a. True
b. False
Juvenile probation officers' case loads tend to be _____________ than those for adult
offenders.
a. slightly higher
b. lower
c. much higher
d. about the same
Although salaries vary widely from state to state, correctional employees often earn
more than workers in comparable positions elsewhere.
a. True
b. False
The assessment Mason uses is what type of assessment?
a. risk assessment
b. remorse assessment
c. readiness assessment
d. rehabilitation assessment
Nationally all individual US probation systems include a sentence recommendation to
the presiding judge.
a. True
b. False
___________ models of classification are designed to distinguish among inmates with
respect to risk of escape, potential misconduct in the institution, and future criminal
behavior.
a. Evaluative
b. Behavioral
c. Predictive
d. Analytical
When prison alternatives are correctly applied to non-prison cases, they
cannot______________.
a. reduce crime
b. save money
c. deter crime
d. lower recidivism rates
________________, a Boston boot maker, was the first person in the United States with
the title probation officer, dating back to 1841.
a. Elam Lynds
b. Jeremy Bentham
c. John Augustus
d. John Howard
________________ is a management principle holding that a supervisor can effectively
oversee only a limited number of subordinates.
a. Unity of command
b. Span of control
c. Chain of command
d. Hierarchical command
The central purpose of corrections is to _____________.
a. determine guilt or innocence
b. incarcerate offenders
c. carry out the criminal sentence
d. rehabilitate offenders
The death penalty was used quite frequently during the Middle Ages.
a. True
b. False
Nearly ___________ of all African American men in their twenties are under some
form of correctional control.
a. one-third
b. one-half
c. one-quarter
d. one-sixth
The juvenile violent crime rate has increased by more than 50 percent since 1980.
a. True
b. False
The three most common classification levels for male offenders in most US states
include all of the following, except the _________ level.
a. camp
b. minimum
c. medium
d. maximum
_______________ involves the participation of the offender, the victim, and the
community.
a. Restorative justice
b. Rehabilitation
c. Victim justice
d. Community justice
The major focus of corrections today seems to have shifted to a _____________ model
of corrections; a model that emphasizes the importance of incarceration.
a. crime-control
b. treatment-centered
c. restorative-justice
d. community-oriented
Which of the following is NOT considered to be one of the prominent explanations as
to why the US incarceration rate has been increasing?
a. prison construction
b. Supreme Court decisions
c. the War on Drugs
d. increased arrests and more likely incarceration
Risk-assessment methods have low rates of failure.
a. True
b. False
Nate was sentenced for a check forgery offense. Per Court order, he will spend thirty
days in jail before being released under community supervision. The sentencing model
used when imposing Nate's sentence assumes Nate can change without extended
incarceration.
What type of sentence was imposed for Nate?
a. split sentence
b. prison sentence
c. Two-phase sentencing
d. parole sentence
______________ is the best predictor of future criminal behavior and recidivism for
juvenile offenders.
a. Parental involvement
b. Psychological analysis
c. Treatment completion
d. An offender's age
According to your authors, the juvenile justice system has changed dramatically in
recent decades. Currently, the juvenile justice system is in what period of development?
a. Juvenile Rights period
b. Juvenile Court period
c. Crime Control period
d. Refuge period
A new goal of punishment that has emerged over the last decade is called _________
justice. This process advocates a type of punishment that is designed to restore losses to
the victim and the community while attempting to keep the offender connected to
society.
a. retributive
b. restorative
c. reconstructive
d. restrictive
Which of the following Supreme Court cases established the essentials of due process
for juvenile offenders, including right to counsel, formal hearing, and
cross-examination?
a. in re Gault
b. in re Winship
c. Breed v. Jones
d. Bell v. Abney
Serious violations can earn prisoners a ________, a disciplinary report forwarded to a
higher authority for action.
a. reprimand
b. warning
c. ticket
d. receipt
Since Jodi admits to heroin use, Agent Smith is recommending she participate in a
program to help control her cravings for heroin. What type of program is being
recommended?
a. methadone program
b. Antabuse program
c. medicinal marijuana program
d. antisocial personality disorder program
The opening of the _____________ State penitentiary in 1829 in Cherry Hill,
Pennsylvania, marked the full development of the penitentiary system based on the
philosophy of separate confinement.
a. Western
b. Eastern
c. Auburn
d. Sing Sing
Community service is an example of a _______________ condition of probation.
a. treatment
b. punitive
c. customary
d. standard
Inmates unable to develop a role orientation are referred to as _________________,
meaning they cannot adjust to prison life.
People in jail are younger and disproportionately African American, and in terms of
marriage status most are ______________.
______________ personnel support line personnel.
Compare and contrast the early Pennsylvania and New York penitentiary systems.
Answer:N/A
Describe a new-generation jail and direct supervision. Explain the benefits of using this
form of supervision with offenders in custody. Address any potential risk factors that
may be present with direct supervision.
Define the phrase "prison subculture." What types of characteristics make up this
subculture? Define and discuss what is meant by the inmate code? Finally, define the
term "prisonization"; be sure to discuss how it relates to the larger prison subculture.
Answer:N/A
The proportion of a state's population in jail is often referred to as the_____________
rate.
Identify the two essential goals regarding corrections staff. Explain why these are
important in corrections. Also identify two reasons why each can be difficult to achieve.
Answer:N/A
List and explain the four adaptive role orientations most commonly used by new
inmates who are entering prison for the first time.
Answer:N/A
Some people fear building a prison in their community will _____________ property
values.
_______________ have upheld bans on employment when the work has a connection
to the criminal conduct of the offender.
Describe what a long-term offender is and list the three main principles for managing
them. Explain why each of these three is important for the management of this
population.
Answer:N/A
A prison designed and organized to permit inmates and visitors as much freedom as is
consistent with the concept of incarceration is classified as a ____________"level
prison.
The term _____________ refers to those who are returning to the community from
prison.
___________ are legal rules created by judges' decisions that serve to guide future
judgments in cases that involve similar circumstances.
In the traditional prison of the big-house era, administrators enlisted the assistance of
__________ to help maintain order.
__________ probation conditions are constraints, including fines, community service,
and restitution, imposed on some probationers to increase the restrictiveness or
painfulness of probation.
