In Gestalt therapy, awareness is best described as
a. introspection.
b. intellectual presence.
c. recognition of current feelings, actions, and sensations.
d. recognition of why one struggles with a certain problem.
Glasser believed schools should be structured in ways to help students achieve a
__________ as opposed to a failure identity.
a. success failure
b. commitment
c. change identity
d. success identity
Name thetype of group that focuses on issues such as remediation, treatment, and
personality reconstruction.
a. Psychoeducation groups
b. Counseling groups
c. Therapy groups
d. Task/work groups
Which of the following is a contribution of the person-centered approach to groups?
a. It focuses on an objective view of behavior.
b. It has relied on research to validate the concepts and practices of this approach.
c. It has generated a wide range of therapeutic techniques.
d. It stresses the leader’s ability to translate therapy into practice by focusing on the skill
development of the leader.
Rogers’s original conviction was that the core conditions work
a. sequentially.
b. together rather than operating independently.
c. intermittently.
d. independently.
A basic issue that group leaders must consider is _________ for the direction and
outcome of the group.
a. modeling
b. screening
c. trust
d. responsibility
The central issue in therapy, according to the existential view, is
a. resistance.
b. freedom and responsibility.
c. transference.
d. experiencing feelings.
By valuing and accepting members’ experiences without placing stipulations and
expectations on this acceptance, group leaders do all of the following EXCEPT
a. reduce client defensiveness.
b. enable clients to be more open to all their experiences.
c. foster dependency in the therapeutic relationship, making it so comfortable for clients
that they rarely, if ever, wish to terminate services.
d. enable clients to be more involved in their therapy
Clients who participate in person-centered therapy often identify ____________as one
of the most helpful aspects of their therapy.
a. “being understood”
b. their counselor’s dynamic and directive style
c. the emphasis on being positive
d. the widespread use of techniques
Contemporary reality therapy is grounded in the principles of
a. behavior therapy.
b. experiential therapy.
c. object-relations therapy.
d. the existential/phenomenological orientation.
____ is to help members develop alternative courses of thinking and action.
a. Giving feedback
b. Suggesting
c. Interpreting
d. Supporting
__________ reveal that group therapy is as effective as individual therapy.
a. Self-awarenesses
b. Meta-analyses
c. Life transitions
d. Monocultural frameworks
In agency settings where clients are often court-ordered to a group, all of the following
apply EXCEPT
a. the initial group meeting can be structured as an information and screening session if
prior screening is impossible.
b. the group leader can still attempt to meet with each client for a pregroup interview
rather than a formal screening session.
c. screening may be impractical.
d. screening should be a two-way process and take place before every session.
______________ emphasize mindfulness, acceptance, the therapeutic relationship,
spirituality, values, meaning and purpose in one’s life, meditation, being in the present
moment, and emotional expression.
a. First-generation behavior therapies
b. Second-generation behavior therapies
c. Third-generation behavior therapies
d. Fourth-generation behavior therapies
Group work is especially valuable for older persons as a way of assisting them in all of
the following was EXCEPT
a. putting their lives into perspective.
b. consolidating the meaning of their life experiences.
c. finding new meaning.
d. assisting suicide.
Which of the following techniques is NOT considered a behavioral technique?
a. Mindfulness
b. The empty-chair technique
c. Cognitive restructuring
d. Self-reinforcement
In the REBT group, homework assignments are all of the following EXCEPT
a. carried out in the group.
b. carried out in daily life.
c. seen as notnecessaryto the REBT method.
d. a way to practice new behavior.
The Gestalt approach to dreams
a. asks the members to discover the meaning the dream has for them.
b. teaches members the universal meaning of dream symbols.
c. rests mainly on the skill of the leader in interpreting the dream for the member.
d. always involves the use of free association.
In the __________________, individuals intend to take action immediately and report
some small behavioral changes.
a. precontemplation stage
b. contemplation stage
c. preparation stage
d. action stage
In the Adlerian group, interpretation is
a. a technique that facilitates the process of gaining insight into one’s style of life.
b. focused on the there-and-then.
c. not related to the lifestyle.
d. always about one’s birth order.
If a reality therapist speaks of group members depressing or angering themselves, he or
she
a. needs a grammar lesson.
b. has adopted the perspective that group members have made an active choice to feel
depressed and are not passive victims.
c. is essentially blaming and criticizing the members for their self-sabotaging behaviors.
d. should be removed from his or her position immediately.
Authenticity consists of
a. making the right choices.
b. living by the expectations of significant others.
c. having the capacity to cultivate meaning.
d. taking the stand to define and affirm ourselves and choosing in the face of
uncertainty.
Identify one major contribution and one main limitation of psychodrama.
Answer:Answers will vary
REBT groups often useall of the followingprocedures EXCEPT
a. rational-emotive imagery.
b. didactic teaching methods.
c. ego centered exercises.
d. homework assignments.
Feelings of anxiety, depression, rejection, anger, and guilt are initiated and perpetuated
by
a. unfortunate events that happen to us.
b. a self-defeating belief system.
c. a significant person in our life who rejects us.
d. a faulty life script.
Which of the following is NOT true of anxiety from an existential perspective?
a. Anxiety is the root of most serious personality problems.
b. Anxiety is “the dizziness of freedom.”
c. Anxiety is a basic characteristic of being human.
d. Anxiety can often be the catalyst for growth and change.
Contemporary Gestalt practice in the United States is
a. verysimilar from the style popularized by Perls.
b. verydifferent from the style popularized by Perls and focuses more on relationships
and less on techniques.
c. part of the object relations approach.
d. considered a bold and powerful approach due to its emphasis on confrontation and
dramatic flair.
______________ are commonly used by school counselors who assemble a group of
school personnel to develop a plan to assist students. A team works together to
determine how services can best be implemented.
a. Encounter groups
b. Psychotherapy groups
c. Task groups
d. Self-exploration group
ASGW’s “Best Practice Guidelines” suggests all of the following ways to enhance your
level of competence as a group worker EXCEPT
a. be able to explain who you are with your group members, but not be able to
explainthe theory utilized.
b. remain current and increase your knowledge and skill competencies through
activities such as continuing education, professional supervision, and participation in
personal and professional development activities.
c. utilize consultation and/or supervision to ensure effective practice regarding ethical
concerns that interfere with effective functioning as a group leader.
d. be open to getting professional assistance for personal problems or conflicts of your
own that may impair your professional judgment or work performance.
The role of techniques in the existential group is that
a. techniques should be secondary to understanding members.
b. techniques are specified to bring about change.
c. techniques interfere with the therapeutic process.
d. techniques imply a loss of faith in the client’s ability to find his or her own way.
Which procedure is NOT typically used in a person-centered group?
a. Diagnosis and evaluation and advice-giving
b. Active listening
c. Empathy
d. Responding with immediate feelings
Allof the followingdescribe arole of the psychodrama group leader EXCEPT
a. to be a producer.
b. to be a catalyst/facilitator.
c. to be an observer/analyzer.
d. to be an actor working out personal issues.
Interpretations can be created from all of the following EXCEPT
a. the group leader’s dreams and lifestyle.
b. resistances that become evident in a group.
c. reactions members have toward one another.
d. reactions toward the group leader.
The _________________ is developed early in life as a result of parental teaching (such
as injunctions and counterinjunctions) and the early decisions we make.
a. life script
b. style of life
c. life inventory
d. agenda
Discuss the concept of unfinished business from the Gestalt viewpoint.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Briefly describe the rational-emotive imagery technique.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Effective reality therapists learn to adapt the methodology to individuals and groups
from many cultures. Briefly explain the Reality therapy system and the benefits of
using it with multicultural populations.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Identify and briefly describe two to three strengths and limitations of Choice
Theory/Reality Therapy in groups.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Describe the essentials involved in the warm-up phase.
Answer:Answers will vary
Define attending. How is this skill a fundamental concept of the person-centered
approach?
Answer:Answers will vary.
Describe a few key ethical issues you anticipate you will encounter in your work as a
group leader.
Answer:Answers will vary.
There are many advantages to group counseling. List and explain two or three of the
advantages the authors list in the book.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Describe strengths and possible limitations in using solution-focused counseling with a
multicultural population.
Answer:Answers will vary.
With groups that meet on a weekly or regular basis, group leaders have a variety of
options for opening the session. List and explain at least two.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Describe the benefits of using REBT in a school setting.
Answer:Answers will vary.
There are several characteristics that are typically evident during the final phase of a
group. Identify and briefly discuss two to three of these characteristics.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Describe the stages of development of an analytic group.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Explain evidence-based practice in group work.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Discuss the concept of the “here and now” as it relates to Gestalt therapy and how this
approach deals with both the past and the future.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Perhaps the most significant developments of recent psychoanalytic theory involve
borderline and narcissistic personality disorders. Explain the psychoanalytic approach
to working with these personality disorders.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Group leaders can help members link their emotional exploration to cognitive and
behavioral work. When asking members to cognitively process an emotional
experience, timing is crucial. Demonstrate why this timing is crucial.
Answer:Answers will vary.