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1. Interpreting the meaning of behavior patterns at appropriate times so that members will be able to engage in a deeper
level of self-exploration and consider alternative behaviors is most critical at the
a.
initial stage of a group.
b.
transition stage.
c.
working stage.
d.
consolidation stage.
2. When characteristics exist such as a high degree of cohesion, open communication, shared leadership functions,
willingness to risk threatening material, and freely giving feedback and considering it non-defensively, it can be said that
the group is at the
a.
initial stage.
b.
transition stage.
c.
working stage.
d.
final stage.
3. Which of the following is NOT considered a therapeutic factor of a group?
a.
Hope
b.
Commitment to change
c.
Cognitive restructuring
d.
Lack of freedom to experiment
4. Considerable overlapping of stages is common in all groups. This is especially true of movement from
a.
the pregroup interview to the initial stage.
b.
the initial stage to the transition stage.
c.
the transition stage to the working stage.
d.
the working stage to the final stage.
5. The author believes
a.
the term “cohesiveness” should be replaced with more cogent and specific alternatives.
b.
cohesion is a valuable concept and that it can be a unifying force for group members.
c.
cohesion is an overrated concept that is rarely evident in groups.
d.
it is not too amorphous to serve as an adequate organizing principle for theory and research in group
psychotherapy.
6. Trust is best described as
a.
a static entity.
b.
something that ebbs and flows throughout the life of a group.
c.
a linear process.
d.
a rare phenomenon in group work.
7. After a cathartic experience, some kind of ____________________ is often necessary to help members make new
decisions based on what they have experienced emotionally.
a.
emotional work
b.
cognitive work
c.
behavioral intervention
d.
solution-focused work
8. __________ is characterized by the commitment of members to explore significant problems they bring to the sessions
and by their attention to the dynamics within the group.
a.
The transition stage
b.
The consolidation stage
c.
The orientation stage
d.
The working stage
9. Which stage has the focus of applying what has been learned in the group and putting it to use in everyday life?
a.
Transition
b.
Consolidation
c.
Orientation
d.
Working
10. Which of the following can NOT be said about group cohesion?
a.
It can both help and hinder group process.
b.
When cohesiveness is not accompanied by a challenge to move forward, the group can reach a plateau.
c.
Cohesion fosters other action-oriented behaviors such as risk taking, self-disclosure, confrontation, and
translation of insight into action.
d.
People open up less when group cohesion occurs.
11. Group leaders should actively engage in interventions that foster and maintain __________ because cohesion is
integrally related to the success of group therapy.
a.
cohesion
b.
consolidation
c.
cognitive work
d.
transition
12. Based on an extensive meta-analysis of cohesion in group therapy, all of the following are strategies effective leaders
use to foster group cohesion EXCEPT
a.
set group agendas and treatment expectations.
b.
identify and discuss fears and concerns of members regarding self-disclosure.
c.
discuss group rules with some members, but not all members.
d.
discuss roles and responsibilities of both leaders and group members.
13. It is imperative that leaders approach their groups with
a.
the knowledge that members will not change no matter what.
b.
a conviction that change and a better outcome are possible.
c.
a lack of hope.
d.
openness without self-disclosing or showing any emotions.
14. __________ is manifested in the participants’ attitudes of acceptance and in their willingness to take risks by sharing
meaningful here-and-now reactions.
a.
Intimacy
b.
Catharsis
c.
Hope
d.
Trust
15. _________ involves a deep capacity to recall, relive, and tap one’s feelings through the intense experiences of others.
a.
Hope
b.
Trust
c.
Empathy
d.
Freedom to experiment
16. Genuine __________ develops in a group when people have revealed enough of themselves for others to identify with
them.
a.
intimacy
b.
cognitive restructuring
c.
catharsis
d.
hope
17. If change is to occur, members must believe that change is possible, that they need not remain trapped in their past,
and that they can take active steps to make their lives more authentic. __________ is therapeutic in itself because it gives
members the incentive to commit themselves to the demanding work that change requires.
a.
Freedom to experiment
b.
Hope
c.
Intimacy
d.
Catharsis
18. Experimentation with different modes of behavior is a significant aspect of the working stage. The group is now a safe
place in which to try out novel behavior. This describes
a.
catharsis.
b.
trust.
c.
commitment to change.
d.
freedom to experiment.
19. Unexpressed feelings often result in physical symptoms such as chronic headaches, stomach pains, muscle tension,
and high blood pressure. The expression of pent-up feelings can be therapeutic because it releases energy that has been
tied up in withholding certain threatening feelings. This describes
a.
catharsis.
b.
self-disclosure.
c.
cognitive reconstruction.
d.
hope.
20. A central part of the work done in a group consists of challenging and exploring beliefs about situations. This
component includes explaining, clarifying, interpreting, providing the cognitive framework needed for change,
formulating ideas, and making new decisions. Which of the following does this best describe?
a.
Self-disclosure
b.
Termination
c.
Cognitive restructuring
d.
Trust
21. At the __________ members can discuss the efforts they have made since termination of the group to implement their
learning in the real world.
a.
initial session
b.
follow-up session
c.
last session of the group
d.
middle session
22. __________ is therapeutic when it invites clients to more deeply explore a particular issue in their lives and when it is
appropriate and well timed.
a.
Catharsis
b.
Follow-up session
c.
Trust
d.
Confrontation
23. __________ occurs when members and leaders share their personal reactions about one another.
a.
Empathy
b.
Cognitive restructuring
c.
Feedback
d.
Hope
24. ___________ of a group may involve a grieving process because other losses that members have experienced are
often triggered during this time.
a.
Termination
b.
Feedback
c.
Empathy
d.
Hope
25. The element of __________ that a follow-up session encourages maximizes the chances of long-lasting benefits from
the group experience.
a.
confrontation
b.
accountability
c.
catharsis
d.
empathy
26. Group leaders can help members link their emotional exploration to cognitive and behavioral work. When asking
members to cognitively process an emotional experience, timing is crucial. Demonstrate why this timing is crucial.
27. Describe the benefits of being in a group when commitment to change is difficult.
28. Self-disclosure is the principal vehicle of group interaction, and it is critical that group participants have a clear
understanding of what self-disclosure is—and what it is not. Illustrate the importance of appropriate self-disclosure when
working with Asian clients.
29. There are several characteristics that are typically evident during the final phase of a group. Identify and briefly
discuss two to three of these characteristics.
30. Identify two to three central characteristics of the working stage.
