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1. Which of the following terms is best described as the ability to obtain compliance by manipulating symbolic rewards?
a.
normative power
b.
coercive power
c.
formal power
d.
remunerative power
2. According to Charles Logan, the purpose of ________ is to "punish offenders - fairly and justly - through lengths of
confinement proportionate to the gravity of the offense."
a.
warehouse
b.
imprisonment
c.
security
d.
retribution
3. According to the textbook, which of the following is NOT one of the missions of the confinement model?
a.
Keep them safe.
b.
Keep them in line.
c.
Keep them busy.
d.
Keep them isolated.
4. _______________________are directly concerned with furthering the institution’s goals. They have direct contact with
the prisoners. Such personnel include the custody force, industry and agricultural supervisors, counselors, and medical
technicians.
a.
Professional staff
b.
Line personnel
c.
Prison consultants
d.
Administrative staff
5. ________________ is a management principle holding that a supervisor can effectively oversee only a limited number
of subordinates.
a.
Unity of command
b.
Span of control
c.
Chain of command
d.
Hierarchical command
6. ________________ is a management principle holding that a subordinate should report to only one supervisor.
a.
Unity of command
b.
Span of control
c.
Chain of command
d.
Hierarchical command
7. ________ are central to prisoner management as correctional officers cannot have total control over the inmates.
a.
Sanctions
b.
Regulations
c.
Negotiations
d.
Custodial policies
8. ______________________ theory states that for a prison system to operate effectively, officials must tolerate minor
infractions, relax security measures, and allow inmate leaders to keep order.
a.
Administrative-control
b.
Officer-balance
c.
Prisoner-control
d.
Inmate-balance
9. _____________________ support line personnel. They usually work under the deputy warden for management,
handling accounting, training, purchasing, etc.
a.
Professional staff
b.
Union officers
c.
Prison consultants
d.
Staff personnel
10. According to the text, the most severe sanction that can be handed out by a disciplinary committee is the
a.
revocation of accumulated good time.
b.
confinement in administrative segregation.
c.
addition of more prison time.
d.
revocation of parole.
11. Which of the following is NOT one of the four factors that make managing prisons different from administering other
public institutions?
a.
the limited rewards and punishments
b.
the strength of inmate leadership
c.
the issue of safety
d.
the defects of total power
12. _____________________ theory states that prison disorder results from unstable, divided, or otherwise weak
management.
a.
Administrative-control
b.
Officer-balance
c.
Prisoner-control
d.
Inmate-balance
13. A structure established for the purpose of influencing behavior in order to achieve particular ends is known as
a(n)________________ organization.
a.
closed
b.
formal
c.
self-contained
d.
informal
14. __________ power stresses the application or threat of physical force in order to gain compliance.
a.
Normative
b.
Coercive
c.
Formal
d.
Remunerative
15. ___________ power is a way of gaining compliance in exchange for material resources.
a.
Normative
b.
Coercive
c.
Formal
d.
Remunerative
16. ______________ refers to a series of organizational positions in order of authority, with each person receiving orders
from the person immediately above and issuing orders to the one immediately below.
a.
Unity of command
b.
Span of control
c.
Chain of command
d.
Hierarchical command
17. The relationship between staff and prisoners is one of________________.
a.
exchange
b.
service
c.
power
d.
discipline
18. What category of personnel comprises the majority of an institution’s employees?
a.
program
b.
custodial
c.
professional
d.
support
19. Correctional officers often rely on __________ and ________ to gain cooperation.
a.
promises; fear
b.
confinement; force
c.
rewards; punishments
d.
fear; confinement
20. Serious violations can earn prisoners a ________, a disciplinary report forwarded to a higher authority for action.
a.
reprimand
b.
warning
c.
ticket
d.
receipt
21. Which of the following is NOT one of the major sources of prison violence?
a.
prisoner–prisoner
b.
prisoner–officer
c.
officer–prisoner
d.
officer–officer
22. Which of the following is NOT one of the three characteristics that underlie prison behavior?
a.
Age
b.
education level
c.
race
d.
attitudes
23. For many victims of prison violence, ______________ is the only way to escape further abuse.
a.
fighting back
b.
death
c.
joining a gang
d.
protective custody
24. The most common form of prison violence in America is ____________ violence.
a.
prisoner–prisoner
b.
prisoner–officer
c.
officer–prisoner
d.
officer–officer
25. Aside from physical injury, an attack by an inmate on an officer can later compromise an officer’s _____________,
which can often leave administrators with no other choice than to transfer the officer to tower duty.
a.
reliability
b.
integrity
c.
authority
d.
power
26. The organizational structure of correctional institutions has changed very little over time.
a.
True
b.
False
27. A correctional officer is an example of staff personnel.
a.
True
b.
False
28. Correctional institutions are more humanely administered today than they were forty years ago.
a.
True
b.
False
29. Administrative control theory is a prison governance theory that states that, for a prison system to operate effectively,
officials must tolerate minor infractions, relax security measures, and allow inmate leaders to keep order.
a.
True
b.
False
30. Correctional officers often rely on rewards and punishments to gain cooperation.
a.
True
b.
False
31. Physical coercion is never used to control prisoners.
a.
True
b.
False
32. On entering a prison, a new inmate receives no instruction on what is expected of him or her.
a.
True
b.
False
33. Prison disorder, including riots, staff murders, escapes, and inmate homicides, is more rare today than in the 1970s and
1980s.
a.
True
b.
False
34. In terms of the different types of management strategies, flexible and adaptive managerial approaches are most
effective at maintaining low levels of prison disorder.
a.
True
b.
False
35. Line personnel directly support staff personnel.
a.
True
b.
False
36. The idea that prison disorder results from unstable, divided, or otherwise weak management is known as the
_____________________ theory.
37. ________ personnel are directly concerned with furthering custody goals of the prison.
38. Custodial officers act like __________ with regard to most prison rules.
39. A series of organizational positions in order of authority, with each person receiving orders from the one immediately
above and issuing orders to the one immediately below, is known as the ________________.
40. The ability to obtain compliance by manipulating symbolic rewards is known as _________ power.
41. Much of the American public believes that prisons are run in a(n) ______________ manner.
42. In the traditional prison of the big-house era, administrators enlisted the assistance of __________ to help maintain
order.
43. The most severe sanction that can be handed out by a prison disciplinary committee is confinement in
_______________.
44. ______________, the concept of male honor and the sacredness of one’s reputation as a man, requires physical
retaliation against those who insult one’s honor.
45. ____________ is the way someone behaves in accordance with an order or directive given by another person.
46. Define and compare line and staff personnel. Give an example of each. Discuss the roles of both groups including any
conflicts that can occur between the two.
47. List, explain, and give examples of the three main types of prison violence in the United States.
48. Identify the three main principles that explain how the hierarchy of structured organizations functions. Explain each
concept, give an example of each, and discuss how they contribute to effective organizational management.
49. Define the phrase “exchange relationships.” How are these relationships used in corrections? Finally, list and explain
the three major assumptions that are necessary for accommodative relationships between inmates and correctional officers
to exist.
50. Prison gangs are also referred to as
a.
security threat groups.
b.
trouble making groups.
c.
violent groups.
d.
organized inmate groups.
51. According to the text, correctional officers must
a.
be at least 18–21 years of age.
b.
have at least one felony conviction.
c.
have a masters degree.
d.
want to punish inmates with the use of force.
52. According to the text, a bachelor’s degree and three years experience is required to work as a correctional officer in
a.
a federal prison.
b.
any prison.
c.
all jails.
d.
boot camps.
53. In most institutions, the custodial force has graded ranks similar to
a.
the military.
b.
the private sector.
c.
hospital management.
d.
academic institutions.
54. Who is ultimately responsible for the operation of the institution?
a.
warden
b.
captain
c.
deputy warden
d.
program manager
55. Obedience to an order or request is known as compliance.
a.
True
b.
False
56. In the prison setting line personnel have direct contact with the inmates.
a.
True
b.
False
57. The warden normally reports to the governor.
a.
True
b.
False
58. Most states do not require correctional officer cadets to complete any training program.
a.
True
b.
False
59. Correctional officers enforce the rules and regulations of the institution.
a.
True
b.
False
60. Most prison violence occurs between ___________.
61. Security threat groups are also known as prison ___________.
62. For many victims of prison violence ______________ custody is the only way to escape further abuse.
63. The ability to obtain compliance by the application or threat of physical force is known as ____________ power.
64. The span of ____________ refers to the extent of supervision by one person.
65. ______________ personnel support line personnel.
66. Manage the budget, manage human resources, and manage critical incidents are primary duties and task of a prison
________________.
67. Today ______________ based training play a significant role in developing correctional leaders’ knowledge and
skills.
68. Correctional officers often rely on rewards and punishment to gain _________________.
69. Prisons seem to function more ________________ now than they have in the past.
70. The text lists five factors that contribute to prison violence. Identify three of these and explain how they contribute to
violence in prison.
Chris is an inmate in a maximum security prison. He received a verbal reprimand for not keeping his cell clean. Two
days later, he was found in possession of two cartons of cigarettes, which are contraband in the prison. The discipline
committee sanctioned Chris by placing him in “the hole” for sixty days. Upon his release from "the hole," he was placed
in a special unit for his safety as it was believed by the other inmates that Chris snitched and told prison staff who was
smuggling the cigarettes into the prison.
71. Receiving a verbal reprimand as a consequence for breaking an institution rule is an example of a
a.
minor violation.
b.
major violation.
c.
poor choice by the correctional officer.
d.
abuse of correctional officer power.
72. Sanctioning Chris to “the hole" indicates he committed what type of rule infraction?
a.
major violation
b.
minor violation
c.
no violation
d.
unethical violation
73. “The hole" is a nickname for what?
a.
administrative segregation
b.
protective custody
c.
minimum security
d.
recreation
74. After his release from “the hole," Chris was placed where?
a.
protective custody
b.
administrative segregation
c.
minimum security
d.
boot camp
Jesse James is the warden of a prison. His philosophy allows for staff to tolerate minor infractions and allow inmate
leadership. Correctional officers grant and deny privileges to gain compliance from the inmates.
75. What philosophy does Warden James exercise?
a.
inmate balance theory
b.
inmate control theory
c.
officer control theory
d.
officer balance theory
76. What technique are the correctional officers using?
a.
rewards and punishment
b.
blood in, blood out
c.
turn the other way
d.
see no evil, hear no evil
Sue Smith began her career in corrections working in a cell block of a high security prison. After five years, she became a
training officer. Six years later, she was promoted to a position where she headed the education program for the prison.
Seven years later, she was again promoted to her current position of overseeing all the operations of the prison.
77. What was Sue Smith's first job at the prison?
a.
correctional officer
b.
warden
c.
deputy warden
d.
teacher
78. When Sue Smith was working as a training officer, she was considered what?
a.
staff personnel
b.
warden
c.
commissioner
d.
correctional officer
79. When Sue Smith was overseeing the education program for the prison, what position was she in?
a.
deputy warden
b.
correctional officer
c.
commissioner
d.
line staff
80. What is Sue Smith's current position?
a.
warden
b.
governor
c.
correctional officer
d.
chief
