48. The precise cause of ADHD is
A) Heredity
B) Environment
C) Neurological
D) Unknown
49. Disorganization and inattention are associated with impairments in the
A) Cerebellum
B) Basal ganglia
C) Prefrontal lobe and frontal cortex
D) None of the above
50. _________ are common in persons with ADHD; they impact executive functions by
affecting the ability to withhold a planned response, interrupt an ongoing process, and
protect an ongoing process from distractions.
A) Executive functions
B) Psychostimulants
C) Behavioral inhibitions
D) Self-regulation
51. Approximately _____ out of 10 children with ADHD will continue to display symptoms
in adolescence.
A) 2
B) 7
C) 4
D) 5
52. Which of the following is not a possible characteristic of an adult with ADHD.
A) Difficulties with relationships
B) Feeling of restlessness
C) Anger management difficulties
D) Has grown out of the condition
53. Gender studies indicate which of the following to be true:
A) Teachers recognize ADHD in girls quicker than they do in boys.
B) Girls with ADHD tend to be withdrawn and exhibit inattention.
C) Boys with ADHD are able to control their behaviors.
D) ADHD manifests itself the same in boys as it does in girls.
True/False
54. Current IDEA legislation recognizes ADHD as a separate disability category.
55. According to research, ADHD is more often diagnosed in males than in females.
56. Individuals with ADHD almost always make friends easily because of their outgoing
nature.
57. Behaviors characteristic of ADHD are easy to see, making assessment and identification
of the disorder simple.
58. Bias was an initial concern when using behavior rating scales, but the standardization
process used today eliminates the risk of bias.
59. Self-regulation techniques are useful in both special and general education classrooms.
60. A child should be referred for services due to ADHD only after medication has failed to
control the problem.
61. Researchers have found significant improvements in children’s behavior when they are
taking stimulant medication.
62. The use of psychostimulants such as Ritalin is correlated with illegal drug use in
adolescence and adulthood.
63. Approximately 80% of children with ADHD continue to display symptoms in
adolescence.
64. ADHD is widely understood.
65. Scientific research points to biological differences that explain the primary contributing
factor for the discrepancy between the numbers of boys who have ADHD compared with
girls.
66. The doctor’s office effect is a known phenomenon where children present free of
symptoms in novel and structured situations.
67. Individuals with ADHD typically “outgrow” the condition by age 40.
68. Professionals confronted with making a diagnosis of ADHD can seek guidance from
guidelines disseminated by the American Academy of Pediatrics.
69. Environmental modifications are often crucial if the student with ADHD is to succeed in
the classroom.
70. If a student is found ineligible for special education, general educators are not required to
accommodate individual differences and learning styles of children who exhibit ADHD.
71. There are several medical and psychological tests to definitively determine ADHD for
adults.
72. Individuals with ADHD have been recognized for more than 100 years.
Short Answer
73. A mother, on hearing that her son has been identified as having ADHD, says, “Well of
course Johnny’s forgetful and impulsive; he’s an 8-year-old boy. Aren’t all boys his age
like that?” Briefly describe one way in which you might respond.
74. What is a likely reason the prevalence of ADHD continues to grow?
75. Name two developmental features that distinguish ADHD from typical patterns of
behavior.
76. What is the term used to describe the situation in which a child who normally displays
behaviors characteristic of ADHD does not display such behaviors when evaluated by a
doctor?
77. Name one behavior rating scale discussed in the chapter used to identify ADHD.
78. What treatment approach do researchers believe is the most effective for students with
ADHD?
79. Name one suggestion a teacher could use when working with a student with ADHD who
is struggling with math.
80. List the steps in the three-pronged approach effective teachers take when working with
students with ADHD.
81. List the five steps students follow in the self-regulation process.
82. What is the youngest age any medication used to treat ADHD is approved for?
Essay
83. Describe the evolution of the identification of individuals with ADHD. How were these
children viewed in the early 1900s? What were some key findings that changed the way
that professionals thought about this disorder?
84. Describe the possible etiology of ADHD. Are biological or environmental factors most
likely the cause?
85. You are developing an IEP for an individual identified as having ADHD–combined type.
What are some recommendations you may make to help teachers address the issue in the
classroom? List at least four accommodations for inattention and four accommodations
for hyperactivity/impulsivity and justify why these accommodations may be helpful to
the student.
86. Discuss two classroom-wide interventions (one academic, one behavioral) that you, as a
teacher, may employ to serve students with ADHD within your classroom. What would
be the benefits of using those interventions? What would be the cons?
87. Discuss some ways in which you might maintain home-school communication for your
students with ADHD. Why is such communication so important?
88. Identify five characteristics of ADHD and discuss the impact of each on a student’s
efforts to learn.
89. Discuss how neurological dysfunction is associated with ADHD. Explain the
responsibilities of the frontal lobe, the basal ganglia, and the cerebellum as they apply to
the learning process for the student with ADHD.
90. Max is a student in your English/language arts class. He has been identified as a student
with ADHD–combined type. His behavior in your class, however, is excellent except for
the fact that he is impulsive and totally unorganized. What strategies or accommodations
could you implement to help Max improve his impulsivity and organizational skills? Be
specific and justify each of the strategies/accommodations you select.
91. Explain how instructional choice might be an effective instructional practice with
students with ADHD.
92. Identify at least three of the potential side effects associated with the use of
psychostimulants in the management of ADHD. What role/responsibility does the
classroom teacher play with regard to student medication?
