CHAPTER 7
CAREER DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDHOOD
194. The central concept in Super’s developmental theory is
a. education.
b. personality.
c. self-concept.
d. work adjustment.
195. Which of the following theories emphasizes a subjective rather than external view of the self?
a. Holland’s theory
b. social learning theory
c. Super’s developmental theory
d. work adjustment theory
196. The concept of developmental change throughout life is associated with one of these theories.
a. Holland’s theory
b. Myers-Briggs type theory
c. Super’s developmental theory
d. work adjustment theory
197. According to Super, a drive that is basic to the development of career exploration in children is
a. aggression.
b. curiosity.
c. self-actualization.
d. self-efficacy.
198. According to Howard and Walsh, which of the following is the first level of vocational reasoning?
a. interest
b. pure association
c. magical thinking
d. external activities
199. When 5-year- old Erin says she wants to be a doctor, her choice most likely represents _____________
according to Howard and Walsh.
a. interest
b. planfulness
c. magical thinking
d. external activities
200. When 5 year old Alicia says that she wants to be a nurse because she likes the white uniform, she is
probably at this stage of Howard and Walsh’s vocational reasoning:
a. interests.
b. time perspective.
c. magical thinking
d. external activities.
201. Using Super’s theory, one of the best ways for elementary guidance counselors to work on career
development issues with six year old children is to encourage
a. curiosity.
b. planfulness.
c. problem solving.
d. time perspective.
202. According to Super, which one of these types of childhood behavior is most likely to negatively affect
career maturity?
a, curiosity
b. disobedience
c. unruliness
d. withdrawal
203. Burton is able to describe some of the duties of a nurse, according to Howard and Walsh, he is probably
at this stage of vocational reasoning.
a. exploration
b. information
c. external activities
d. pure association
204. The stage of industry verses inferiority is associated with the work of
a. Erikson.
b. Piaget.
c. Super.
d. Holland
205. Leon is 7 years old. Which of the following is MOST likely to be a key figure for Leon?
a. father
b. friend
c. younger sister
d. younger brother
206. Fiona is in the second grade. Which of the following is least likely to be a key figure for her?
a. mother
b. professional athlete
c. teacher
d. younger sister
207. According to Super, the development of interests in children is an outgrowth of
a. career maturity.
b. exploration.
c. problem solving.
d. time perspective.
208. Fred is seven and would like to be a professional baseball player. He sees this as something that can
happen quite soon. According to Super, he has yet to develop
a. external control.
b. planfulness.
c. problem solving.
d. time perspective.
209. Which of the following is NOT one of Gottfredson’s stages of career development?
a. concrete operations
b. focus on prestige
c. orientation to size and power
d. orientation to sex roles
210. As Glenda, an 8 year old second grade student thinks about occupations she is, according to
Gottfredson, most likely to be influenced by orientation to
a. concrete operations.
b. size and power.
c. gender roles.
d. social valuation.
211. When Florence, an 8 year old second grade student, sees only male carpenters building the new house
next door, she concludes that she could not become a carpenter because she is not male. According to
Gottfredson, Florence is developing
a. a focus on prestige.
b. an inferiority complex.
c. concrete operations.
d. tolerable sex type boundaries.
212. According to Gottfredson, the orientation to social valuation when considering occupations is most
likely to take place between the ages of
a. 6-8.
b. 9-13.
c. 14- 16.
d. 17-19.
213. Gottfredson presents a theory of self creation that relies on an in depth view of.
a. attitudes
b. biological factors
c. self concept
d. values
214. Which of the following theorists describes in detail how biological factors influence career
development?
a. Erikson
b. Gottfredson
c. Holland
d. Super
215. Gottfredson relies on a theory that explains the process of children’s learning which includes
biological and social factors that is called
a. gene-drives-experience theory.
b. socialization theory.
c. trait and factor theory.
d. work adjustment theory.
216. According to Gottfredson, life settings and roles that individuals occupy are called
a. concepts.
b. environments.
c. niches.
d. traits.
217. Gottfredson has developed the concept of niche. Which of these is an inappropriate use of the term
niche?
a. birth niche
b. conventional niche
c. life niche
d. social niche
218. Seeking out niches throughout one’s life is a concept associated with
a. Gottfredson
b. Howard and Walsh
c. Super
d. Vondracek
219. Zakia is 16 and decides not to go to medical school because she is getting a C in biology. Which of
the following of Gottfredson’s concepts apply to her decision?
a. circumscription
b. compromise
c. life niche
d. social niche
220. In deciding to be an elementary school teacher rather than a neurosurgeon, Georgia gave up her
interests first, then her desire for prestige, and third her gender preference for an occupation. This scenario
is best described by Gottfredson’s concept of
a. career maturity.
b. circumscription.
c. compromise.
d. tolerable sex boundaries.
221. Gottfredson predicts that Iris’s career decisions will be influenced by gender role considerations from
the age of 6 onward. This concept is called
a. career maturity.
b. circumscription.
c. compromise.
d. niche
222. Gottfredson predicts that April’s career decisions will be influenced by considerations of an
orientation to her unique self from age 14 onward. This concept is called
a. career maturity.
b. circumscription.
c. compromise.
d. tolerable sex boundaries.
223. Ten year old Gloria wants to be a nurse anesthetist like her mother. Gottfredson would suggest that
her counselor should have Gloria
a. be active in seeking occupational information.
b. take an interest inventory.
c. increase her level of extraversion.
d. increase her level of vocational maturity.
224. School-to–work education refers to education that takes place
a. at home.
b. in the classroom.
c. in the guidance office.
d. in the gym.
225. School-to–work programs can be related to career development theories.
a. no
b. Super’s
c. Myers-Briggs
d. work adjustment
226. Which of the following is not a good example of a school-to-work activity?
a. game-like activities
b. interest centers in the classroom
c. aptitude test
d. writing a skit using occupational terms.
227. Which of the following activities is LEAST likely to be used in career education of third graders?
a. administration of the Self Directed Search
b. bringing in a guest speaker from the community
c. career films
d. writing a skit using occupational terms