48. ___________ is one etiological factor occurring around the time of birth.
A) Perinatal
B) Prenatal
C) Postnatal
D) Birth natal
49. Common behaviors of persons with intellectual disabilities include
A) High functioning in mathematics
B) Attention deficits
C) Memory problems
D) B and C
50. All of the following except _________ are part of the process involved in conducting a task
analysis.
A) Define the target behavior or task
B) Identify the prerequisite skills for the learning task
C) Identify the needed materials to perform the task
D) Provide opportunities for students to complete an itemized list of activities they
would like to complete
51. A functional or life skills curriculum:
A) Generic model
B) Task analysis
C) Cooperative learning
D) CLOC-RAM
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52. _______________ is a strategy for teaching functional skills in the environment in which
they would naturally occur rather than in simulated settings.
A) Task analysis
B) Community-based instruction
C) Cooperative learning
D) Scaffolding
53.Intellectual disability was defined as “subaverage general intellectual functioning which
originates during the developmental period and is associated with impairments in adaptive
behavior” by which of the following AAIDD definitions?
A) 1973 AAIDD definition
B) 1961 AAIDD definition
C) 1992 AAIDD definition
D) 2002 AAIDD definition
54. The ability of an individual to meet the standards of personal independence as well as
social responsibility appropriate for his or her chronological age and culture group is
referred to as
A) Task analysis
B) Self-advocacy
C) Adaptive behavior
D) Self-esteem
55.The Renaissance in the 1300s brought about which of the following societal changes:
A) Religion was a dominant social force
B) There was more humane treatment of individuals with disabilities
C) Monasteries and asylums were established to provide sanctuary for individuals
with disabilities
D) All of the above
56.Which of the following is not considered a possible postnatal cause of intellectual disability?
A) Encephalitis
B) Head trauma
C) Reye syndrome
D) Hydrocephalus
57.A comprehensive curriculum for learners with cognitive limitations should include all
except
A) Be responsive to the needs of individual students
B) Provide maximum interaction with peers who are not disabled
C) Be sensitive to diploma requirements and graduation goals
D) Teach students in a self-contained environment
True/ False
58. Intelligence is an abstract concept that must be deduced and inferred.
59. Adaptive behavior is usually measured by observing a student, interviewing persons
involved with the student, and completing standardized scales.
60. Once an individual’s IQ score has been established, it will remain constant throughout his
or her lifetime.
61. The 1992 AAIDD classification of intellectual disability, based on levels of support, was a
departure from previous classification models of intellectual impairment.
62. Based on the 1992 AAIDD levels of support classification model, a person with chronic
health care needs would be classified as an individual requiring a pervasive level of
support.
63. The deinstitutionalization movement in the United States helped to move persons with
intellectual disabilities into residential settings based in the community.
64. The prevalence of intellectual disabilities has increased over time as a result of the
development of more effective methods for identification and diagnosis.
65. The more severe the level of intellectual disability, the less likely that a particular cause of
the intellectual disability can be determined.
66. Increased age of the mother causes Down syndrome.
67. There is a subset of the population of persons with intellectual disabilities that educators
consider to be uneducable.
68. Intellectual disabilities are easy and singularly faceted.
69.An IQ score should be viewed as only one piece of the diagnostic puzzle.
70.In early civilization, infanticide was practiced when children were born with perceived defects.
71.Most students who have intellectual disabilities are educated outside of the regular classroom.
72. Life expectancies for people with Down syndrome have increased dramatically over the
past several decades as a result of medical advances.
73. The term mental retardation is still widely used for citizenship and many legal services,
health care, income support, and housing.
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74. Students with intellectual disabilities are more than three times as likely as other children
with disabilities to be educated in a self-contained classroom.
75. For many young adults with intellectual disabilities, competitive employment is not a
realistic goal.
76. Cooperative learning is a popular instructional strategy for teaching pupils with intellectual
disabilities in inclusive settings.
Short Answer
77. The IEP team for Max must determine the appropriate instructional approach for his
program. What are the six factors they should consider as they make their determination?
78. Name two characteristics of persons with intellectual disabilities that affect learning.
79. Provide an example of a skill from a functional curriculum that may be taught to a student
with intellectual disabilities.
80. What is the instructional technique used when a teacher takes a student into the natural
environment to teach skills in the real settings in which they will be used?
81. Explain what is meant by “Opportunities” in the CLOCS-RAM mnemonic of
characteristics of good teaching.
82. Explain what is meant by “Monitoring” in the CLOCS-RAM mnemonic of characteristics
of good teaching.
83. Mr. Jones is a general educator that has Mara, a student with intellectual disabilities,
included in his classroom. Name a specific strategy he could use to help facilitate Mara’s
success in his classroom.
84. Why do early intervention programs emphasize a family-centered approach to service
delivery?
85. Transition services for students should begin no later than what age?
86. Ms. Lee is interested in working with Josiah on self-determination skills. What kinds of
skills might she teach him?
Essay
87. The use of intelligence testing to identify persons with intellectual disabilities is a
controversial issue. Name and describe at least two reasons that there is concern over the
use of IQ testing to assess intelligence.
88. There has been a downward shift in the number of school-age children classified with
intellectual disabilities. List and explain at least three reasons why this downward shift has
occurred.
89. Define functional curriculum and provide a rationale for the use of this curriculum with
persons with intellectual disabilities.
90. A student of yours is included in a general education classroom. Name and describe three
strategies that you could use to increase the student’s access to the general education
curriculum and ensure that the student progresses adequately.
91. Describe cooperative learning. Provide a definition of the term, appropriate uses of the
strategy, and its benefits.
92. Discuss why the 1992 AAIDD definition of intellectual disability was viewed as
controversial.
93. Identify and describe each level of support used to determine the type and extent of needed
supports for individuals with intellectual disability. Give an example of each.
94. Explain the concepts of normalization and deinstitutionalization as they relate to
individuals with intellectual disability.
95. Discuss, in detail, how a lack of social adeptness might affect a young adult with
intellectual disability.
96. Explain the INCLUDE strategy developed by Friend and Bursuck. How might individuals
with intellectual disability benefit from the implementation of this instructional method?