all parties and select the one that optimizes the satisfaction for the greatest number of people. This is an example of the:
a.
utilitarian approach.
b.
individualism approach.
c.
moral-justice approach.
d.
justice approach.
e.
soft-line managerial approach.
145
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66. Which ethical approach are companies citing to justify their policing of employee’s personal habits on and off the job,
such as alcohol and tobacco consumption?
a.
Justice approach
b.
Utilitarian approach
c.
Individualism approach
d.
Moral-justice approach
e.
Discretionary responsibility
145
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67. The decision by Paula Reid, the manager who statted the U.S. Secret Service prostitution scandal in Catagena, was
based largely on the _____ approach
a.
justice
b.
moral-rights
c.
obstructive
d.
individualism
e.
practical
e
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68. When everyone is pursuing self-direction, the greater good is ultimately served because people learn to accommodate
each other in their own long-term interest is an example of the_____.
a.
utilitarian approach
b.
individualism approach
c.
moral-justice approach
d.
justice approach
e.
social responsibility
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69. Which of the following is NOT a normative ethics approach?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
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70. The golden rule “do unto others as they would do unto you” is:
a.
an example of the utilitarian approach to ethical behavior.
b.
representative of the moral-justice approach to moral decision making.
c.
an example of the values that guide the individualism approach to ethical behavior.
d.
silly and outdated.
e.
an example of the justice approach to ethical behavior.
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71. Human beings have fundamental rights and liberties that cannot be taken away by another individual’s decision. This
ethical decision making approach is known as the:
a.
utilitarian approach.
b.
individualism approach.
c.
moral-rights approach.
d.
dualism approach.
e.
none of these.
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72. The _____ refers to the ethical concept that moral decisions are those that best maintain the rights of those people
affected by them.
a.
individualism approach
b.
justice approach
c.
utilitarian approach
d.
moral-rights approach
e.
discretionary responsibility approach
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73. Which of the following is NOT one of the moral rights that could be considered during decision-making?
a.
The right to free consent.
b.
The right to invade privacy.
c.
The right to free speech.
d.
The right of freedom of conscience.
e.
The right to life and safety.
145
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74. _____ to ethical decision-making is consistent with due process, free consent, privacy, freedom of conscience and free
speech.
a.
Moral-rights approach
b.
Individualism approach
c.
Utilitarian approach
d.
Justice approach
e.
Dual-economic approach
a
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75. Sexual harassment is unethical because it violates an important part of which approach to ethical behavior?
a.
The utilitarian approach
b.
The individualism approach
c.
The justice approach
d.
The moral-rights approach
e.
The defensive approach
145
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76. The ethical decision approach that requires persons to be guided by standards of equity, fairness and impartiality is
the:
a.
moral-rights approach.
b.
individualism approach.
c.
utilitarian approach.
d.
justice approach.
e.
discretionary responsibility.
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77. The moral rights approach that deals with performing experimental treatment on unconscience trauma patient is the:
a.
right of free consent.
b.
right to privacy.
c.
right of freedom of conscience.
d.
right of free speech.
e.
right of due process.
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78. Which of the following is not a concern to managers under the justice approach?
a.
Compensatory justice
b.
Distributive justice
c.
Procedural justice
d.
Obstructive justice
e.
All of these
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79. _____ refers to the concept that different treatment of people should not be based on arbitrary characteristics.
a.
Procedural justice
b.
Compensatory justice
c.
Distributive justice
d.
Organizational justice
e.
Moral-justice
c
147
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80. Disk Replacement Services has just completed a procedure manual to handle employee grievances. One of the main
criteria is to make it clear to employees that rules will be administered fairly and consistently. Disk Replacement operates
on:
a.
the procedural justice approach.
b.
the utilitarian approach.
c.
the individual approach.
d.
the defensive approach.
e.
the free-choice approach.
a
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81.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
147
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82. The concept that the party responsible should compensate individuals for the cost of their injuries is referred to as:
a.
distributive justice.
b.
injury justice.
c.
procedural justice.
d.
organizational justice.
e.
compensatory justice.
e
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83. The thinking underlying the domain of ____ is the closest to the justice approach.
a.
social responsibility
b.
free choice
c.
law
d.
discretionary responsibility
e.
ethics
c
147
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84. Most of the laws guiding human resource management are based on the:
a.
utilitarian approach.
b.
moral-rights approach.
c.
individualism approach.
d.
justice approach.
e.
collectivism approach.
147
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85. ____ is NOT included in the model of personal moral development described in your text.
a.
Preconventional level
b.
Conventional level
c.
Principled level
d.
Postconventional level
e.
All of these are included in the model
e
147
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86. In what stage of personal moral development is a person mostly concerned with external rewards and personal
consequences of an action?
a.
Preconventional
b.
Conventional
c.
Principled
d.
Discretionary
e.
None of these
a
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87. The _____ leadership style matches with the preconventional level of personal moral development.
a.
autocratic
b.
team oriented
c.
servant leadership
d.
guiding/encouraging
e.
transforming
a
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88. _____ matches with the preconventional level of personal moral development.
a.
Work group collaboration
b.
Task accomplishment
c.
Empowered employees
d.
Full participation
e.
Transforming
148
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89. Which of these employee behaviors matches with the conventional level of personal moral development?
a.
Task accomplishment
b.
Empowered employees
c.
Work group collaboration
d.
Full participation
e.
Act in own interest
c
148
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90. Which of the following stages is the stage of personal moral development in which an individual develops an internal
set of standards and values?
a.
Preconventional
b.
Conventional
c.
Principled
d.
Discretionary
e.
Social
c
148
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91. People making decisions based on an internal set of beliefs that has more meaning to them than the expectations of
others:
a.
are in the preconventional level of moral development.
b.
are in the conventional level of moral development.
c.
are in the principled level of moral development.
d.
do not care what people think of them.
e.
none of these.
c
148
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92. Which of these employee behaviors matches with the postconventional level of personal moral development?
a.
Empowered employees, full participation
b.
Task accomplishment
c.
Act in own interest
d.
Work group collaboration
e.
Autocratic
a
148
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93. Regarding the levels of personal moral development, the majority of managers operate at the _____ level.
a.
preconventional
b.
autocratic
c.
postconventional
d.
conventional
e.
transformative
148
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94. The great majority of managers operate at the:
a.
preconventional level.
b.
principled level.
c.
conventional level.
d.
postconventional level.
e.
autocratic level.
c
148
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95. When the USS Indianapolis sank after being torpedoed, one Navy pilot disobeyed orders and risked is life to save men
who were being picked off by land sharks. The Navy pilot was operating from the _____ level of moral development.
a.
preconventional
b.
conventional
c.
postconventional
d.
lowest
e.
conservative
c
148
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96. _____ matches with the postconventional level of personal moral development.
a.
Team oriented
b.
Autocratic
c.
Guiding/encouraging
d.
Coercive
e.
Servant leadership
e
148-149
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97. Only about _____ percent of American adults reach the level-three stage of moral development.
a.
two
b.
four
c.
eleven
d.
fifteen
e.
twenty
e
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98. Which of these best illustrates the preconventional stage of moral development?
a.
Everybody else is doing it, so it must be okay.
b.
What would my boss think if I did this?
c.
I know this is not right, and I will not do it, even if everyone else is.
d.
What am I going to get from making this decision?
e.
All of these.
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99. The conventional stage of moral development is best described by which of the following statements?
a.
I won’t do that because the boss will be upset with me.
b.
Everybody else is doing it, so it must be okay.
c.
I know this is not right, and I will not do it, even if everyone else is.
d.
What am I going to get from making this decision?
e.
All of these.
149
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100. Most people have learned to conform to expectations of good behavior expected by colleagues, family, friends, and
society. They are in what stage of moral development?
a.
Preconventional
b.
Conventional
c.
Discretionary
d.
Principled
e.
Traditional
149
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101. Any group within or outside the organization that has a stake in the organization’s performance is called:
a.
a supplier.
b.
an international customer.
c.
a stakeholder.
d.
OPEC.
e.
a trade association.
c
150
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102. Primary stakeholders of an organization include:
a.
employees.
b.
customers.
c.
investors and shareholders.
d.
suppliers.
e.
all of these.
e
150
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103. All of the following are examples of special interest groups except:
a.
professional associations.
b.
trade associations.
c.
political action committees.
d.
courts.
e.
consumerists.
152
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104. What type of a stakeholder would a nature conservation group be for a paper manufacturing company?
a.
Supplier
b.
Competitor
c.
Employee
d.
Special interest group
e.
None of these
152
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105. With a philosophy of _____, managers weave environmental and social concerns into every strategic decision, revise
policies and procedures to support these efforts and goals.
a.
sustainability
b.
conservation
c.
ethics
d.
preservation
e.
human concerns
a
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106. _____ is economic development that generates wealth and meets the needs of their current generation while focusing
on future generations.
a.
Ethical management
b.
Activist strategy
c.
Sustainability
d.
Market strategy
e.
Future management
c
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107. Which of the following concepts argues that organizations can find innovative ways to create wealth at the same time
they are preserving natural resources?
a.
Preservation
b.
Conservation
c.
Environmentalism
d.
Protectionism
e.
Sustainability
e
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108.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
a
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109. According to the book’s model for judging corporate social performance, social responsibility is divided into what
into four sections?
a.
Ethical, legal, technical, and rational
b.
Mandatory, technical, discretionary, and economic
c.
Legal, mandatory, economic, and ethical
d.
Discretionary, legal, economic, and ethical
e.
None of these
155
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110. With respect to appropriate corporate behavior, what society deems _____ as important.
a.
ethical responsibility
b.
discretionary responsibility
c.
economic responsibility
d.
legal responsibility
e.
moral responsibility
155
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111. _____ is considered a decision that enables an individual or company to benefit at society’s expense.
a.
A legal behavior
b.
An unethical behavior
c.
An economic responsibility
d.
A discretionary responsibility
e.
A responsible behavior
156
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112. Which of the following responsibilities is purely voluntary and is guided by a company’s desire to make social
contributions not mandated by economics, law, or ethics?
a.
Ethical
b.
Economic
c.
Legal
d.
Discretionary
e.
Stakeholder
156
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113. _____ is the responsibility that goes beyond societal expectations to contribute to the community welfare.
a.
Ethical responsibility
b.
Discretionary responsibility
c.
Economic responsibility
d.
Legal responsibility
e.
Technical responsibility
156
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114.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
a
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115. A code of _____ is a formal statement of the company’s values concerning ethics and social issues.
a.
integrity
b.
trust
c.
citizenship
d.
ethics
e.
honesty
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116. Statements that define fundamental values and reference organizational responsibilities, products and employees are
often called _____.
a.
principle-based
b.
policy-based
c.
ethically-based
d.
codified
e.
codes of organizational integrity
a
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117. _____ includes behavior that is not always written down and may actually not serve an organization’s bottom-line.
a.
Legal responsibility
b.
Economic responsibility
c.
Ethical responsibility
d.
Discretionary responsibility
e.
None of these
c
156-157
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118. Of the following, which may whistle-blowers suffer?
a.
Job loss
b.
Ostracism by coworkers
c.
Transfer to lower-level position
d.
Hostile work environment
e.
All of the above
e
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