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1.
Organizational
leadership is exclusively an individual
phenomenon.
a.
True
b.
False
2.
Leaders
who are
constantly
trying to please
everyone
often make poor
decisions because
they cannot tolerate
even
a
mild degree of
conflict.
a.
True
b.
False
3. A person high on extroversion may come across as quiet, withdrawn, and socially
unassertive.
a.
True
b.
False
4. A less conscientious person tends to be easily distracted and
impulsive.
a.
True
b.
False
5. People with a high internal locus of control typically prefer to have structured, directed work
situations.
a.
True
b.
False
6. People are constantly valuing things, people, or ideas as good or bad, pleasant or unpleasant, ethical or unethical, and
so forth, whether they recognize it or
not.
a.
True
b.
False
7. A person's values cannot change throughout life as they are fairly well established by early
adulthood.
a.
True
b.
False
8. An attitude is primarily a negative belief about people, events, or things.
a.
True
b.
False
9. Theory Y reflects the assumption that people are basically lazy and not motivated to work and that they have a
natural tendency to avoid responsibility.
a.
True
b.
False
10. An external attribution says characteristics of a person led to the
behavior.
a.
True
b.
False
11. The halo effect occurs when perceivers see their own personal traits in other
people.
a.
True
b.
False
12. Attributions are important because they help people decide how to handle a
situation.
a.
True
b.
False
13. Cognitive approaches are preferences that are not necessarily rigid, but most people tend to have only a
few
preferred habits of
thought.
a.
True
b.
False
14. According to Herrmann's whole brain concept, a person who relies heavily on quadrant-B thinking is
well-organized,
reliable, and
neat.
a.
True
b.
False
15. Leaders can learn to work more
effectively
with
different personality
types by
striving
for
understanding.
a.
True
b.
False
16. Which of the
following statements
is true of
self-awareness?
a.
Self-awareness
means the ability to behave in a uniform
manner
in
response
to
situational cues.
b.
Self-awareness
involves the ability to
emotionally
evaluate
one's
own
worth.
c.
Self-awareness
means the set of
unseen characteristics
and
processes
that
underlie
a
person.
d.
Self-awareness
involves
appreciating
how one's patterns affect other
people.
17. The dimension of extroversion includes the characteristic
of
a.
security
b. dependability
c.
agreeableness
d. dominance
18. A leader who scores high on
agreeableness:
a. seems warm and
approachable.
b. tends to become anxious or
tense.
c. likes to be in control and have influence over
others.
d. comes across as quiet and
withdrawn.
19. Conscientiousness refers to the degree to which a person is responsible, dependable, persistent, and .
a.
compassionate
b. achievement
oriented
c. emotionally
stable
d.
adaptable
20. People with an internal locus of
control:
a. believe that luck is the key to
success.
b. feel that they have little control over
events.
c. place primary responsibility on outside
forces.
d. believe they are "masters of their own
fate."
21. Which of the following statements is true of end
values?
a. They are beliefs about the kind of goals or outcomes that are worth trying to
pursue.
b. They are beliefs about the types of behavior that are appropriate for reaching
goals.
c. They include such things as being helpful to others, being honest, or exhibiting
courage.
d. They tend to fall into two categories of morality and
competence.
22. Which of the following accounts for tremendous variation among
people?
a. Everyone cannot have both instrumental and end
values.
b. Everyone has similar important goals to reach in life.
c. Individuals differ in how they order their values into priorities.
d. Individuals have end values which fall into different categories of morality and
competence.
23. Victoria, an advertising manager, works effectively when dealing with routine and well-defmed tasks but she is
not
very good with tasks that require creativity. Hence, she assumes that her subordinates also have difficulty
being
creative. In the given scenario,
Victoria's
assumption is an example of .
a. the halo
effect
b. a self-serving bias
c. perceptual
defense
d. projection
24. Which of the following is an assumption of Theory
X?
a. The expenditure of physical and mental effort in work is as natural as play or rest and the average
human
being does not inherently dislike
work.
b. The average human being prefers to be directed, wishes to avoid responsibility, has relatively little
ambition,
and wants security above all.
c. Under the conditions of modem industrial life, the intellectual potentialities of the average human being
are
only
partially
utilized.
d. The capacity to exercise a relatively high degree of imagination in the solution of organizational problems is
widely, not narrowly, distributed in the population.
25. Which of the following statements is true of leaders who subscribe to the assumptions of Theory Y?
a. They believe that the average human being prefers to be directed and wishes to avoid
responsibility.
b. They do not believe that people will seek out greater responsibility and will exercise imagination and creativity.
c. They believe that the average human being has an inherent dislike of work and will avoid it
if
possible.
d. They do not believe people have to be coerced and controlled in order to perform
effectively.
26. Which of the following is an assumption of Theory Y?
a. Most people prefer to be directed, wish to avoid responsibility, have relatively little ambition, and want
security
above all.
b. An average human being has an inherent dislike of work and will avoid it
i
f
possible.
c. A person will exercise self-direction and self-control in the service of objectives to which he or she
is
committed.
d. Most people must be threatened with punishment to get them to put adequate effort toward the
achievement
of
goals.
27. Laurel, the manager of a software company, assumes that the male employees in his organization are more
creative
and innovative than the female employees in his organization. In the given scenario, Laurel's assumption is known
as
a. projection
b. attribution
c. perceptual
defense
d.
stereotyping
28. Anna works as a sales executive. She has difficulty meeting her productivity targets but she has high
readiness
levels
and her work exceeds quality standards. However, her manager considers her to be a poor performer due
to
her issue with productivity. In the given scenario, the manager's evaluation of Anna's performance is an example
of
the
a. fundamental attribution error
b. halo
effect
c. self-serving bias
d. perceptual
defense
29. Helen, the
operations
head of an
organization,
received a
complaint
stating that one of the
managers
was
regularly
harassing
his
subordinates.
Instead of taking action, she
neglected
the issue as she had high regard for the
manager.
She was sure that the
allegations against
the
manager
were not true. In the given
scenario,
the
assumption
made
by
Helen is an
example
of .
a.
projection
b. the halo
effect
c.
perceptual defense
d.
stereotyping
30.
Gilbert
heads the
accounts
team
ofHFC
Inc. He
received negative feedback
from his clients about one of
the
projects that he
managed.
He held his
subordinates responsible
as he felt that they were
inefficient
and
worked
carelessly.
The
judgment
made by Gilbert is an
example
of .
a. a
self-serving bias
b. an internal
attribution
c.
perceptual defense
d. the halo
effect
