10
Cellular and Molecular Physiology
A. Multiple Choice
Key/
Page
No.
25
a. naturally grown hemp
b. oxygen
c. phosphate
d. sodium
e. octane
26
a. glycogen
b. trigylceride
c. phosphotidylserine
d. cholesterol
e. fatty acids
26
a. creatine
b. muscle
c. insulin
d. creatine phosphate
27
a. ribose
b. phosphate
c. nitrogenous base (A, G, C, T, U)
d. nucleotide
e. amino acid
27
a. adenine
b. cytosine
c. guanine
d. thymine
e. uracil
11
27
a. adenine
b. cytosine
c. guanine
d. thymine
e. uracil
28
a. ribosomes and membranous organelles
b. inclusions and excess nutrients
c. peroxisomes and detoxification
d. mitochondria and rod or oval shapes
e. vaults and octagonal barrels
27
a. plasma membrane
b. cytoplasm
c. ribosomes
d. nucleus
e. genetic material
27
a. cell walls.
b. nuclei.
c. DNA.
d. membrane transport proteins.
e. none of these.
27
a. allosteric regulators.
b. changes in electric fields.
c. phosphorylation.
d. physical deformation.
e. all of these.
30
a. histamines.
b. histidines.
c. histones.
d. ribosomes.
e. nuclear lamins.
12
31
which recognizes the promoter code and then activates RNA polymerase to make pre–
mRNA?
a. AAGG
b. TAGC
c. GCTA
d. GCGC
e. TATA
33
be expected to live (lifespan)?
a. the amount of RNAi in cells
b. the number of pseudogenes
c. the amount of junk DNA
d. the length telemeres
e. none of these has been found to have any effect on the lifespan of an organism.
31
cells because
a. they contain different genes.
b. muscles and brains are the vestiges of different symbiotic organisms present in
our ancestors.
c. you inherit the genes for your muscles from your father and the genes for your
brain from your mother.
d. the expression of muscle-specific genes is regulated by transcription factors not
present in brain cells and vice versa.
34
researcher prepared antibodies to the purified protein. To determine the specificity of the
antibody the researcher incubated tissue sections from a knock-out mouse with the new
antibody. If the antibody were specific for the protein under study, would you expect to
see labeling in these tissue sections?
a. Yes, because antibody binding does not involve gene products.
b. Yes, because the protein is a mouse protein.
c. Yes, because the gene was knocked out, not the protein.
d. No, because the protein cannot be expressed if the gene is absent.
e. No, because proteins are too small to visualize under a light microscope.
35
a. are individual segments of DNA.
b. are arrays of genomic DNA adhered to a substrate.
c. bind cDNA.
d. are bound to microtiter plates prior to analysis.
e. Two answers are correct.
e
Which DNA sequence must be bound by proteins to form a basal transcription complex
13
38
a. transcription.
b. translation.
c. transversion.
d. transformation.
e. transition.
38-41
a. rough endoplasmic reticulum
b. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
c. Golgi complex
d. granules
e. peroxisome
41
related to its function in
a. steroid hormone production.
b. enzyme secretion.
c. detoxification of harmful substances.
d. protein synthesis.
e. calcium storage.
41
a. the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells.
b. the rough endoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells.
c. the secretory complex of muscle cells.
d. the endocytic pathway of muscle cells.
e. none of these.
41, 42
a. The Golgi complex consists of cisternae.
b. The majority of newly synthesized proteins leave the smooth ER and travel to the
Golgi.
c. The vesicles leaving the Golgi have docking markers.
d. The nematocysts found in cnidarians originate in the Golgi.
e. All of these are true statements about the Golgi complex.
37
a. Cellular division is one example of cloning.
b. Cloning may involve nuclear transplantation.
c. In whole animal cloning the cells need to revert to the pluripotent state
d. All of these are true.
e. None of these are true.
14
45, 46
development and aging is called
a. proteoloysis.
b. pneumatosis.
c. apoptosis.
d. ptosis.
e. necrosis.
56
c
Catalase is an enzyme used to
a. ethanol
b. tauropine
c. alanine
d. alanopine
e. all of these
464
a. break beef down into its component amino acids.
b. break prions down into their component amino acids.
c. break hydrogen peroxide down to form water and oxygen.
d. break carbonic acid down to form water and carbon dioxide.
e. break down a variety of metabolites.
46
a. hydrogen peroxide.
b. ethanol.
c. perchloric acid.
d. amino acids.
47
dependent)?
a. nervous tissue
b. muscle tissue
c. blood tissue
d. respiratory epithelial tissue
e. Mitochondrial density is consistent between tissues.
57, 59
a. microtubules and largest cytoskeletal elements
b. molecular motors and intracellular transport
c. anoxic animals and hydrogenosomes
d. Clostridium and protozoa
e. all pairs have a relationship
15
47
a. plasma membrane.
b. cytoplasm.
c. outer mitochondrial membrane.
d. inner mitochondrial membrane.
e. mitochondrial matrix.
47
b
The process of glycolysis occurs in the
a. provide more surface area across which electrons can be transported.
b. provide a histological cue to enable organelle identification.
c. decrease the volume of the matrix, thereby increasing the concentration of its
components.
d. decrease the volume of the matrix, allowing cells to economize on the production
of its components.
e. None of these.
48
a. plasma membrane.
b. cytoplasm.
c. outer mitochondrial membrane.
d. inner mitochondrial membrane.
e. mitochondrial matrix.
48
a. its own intracellular nutrient stores
b. nutrients stored in other, specialized storage cells
c. recently ingested (and digested) food
d. all of these
e. none of these
26, 48
a. Glycogen is stored in glia.
b. Glycogen is an energy source in short term as opposed to long term periods of
strenuous activity.
c. Glycogen is a major energy source for migrating salmon.
d. Glycogen is stored in the fat-body of insects.
e. Aerobic metabolism of glycogen can yield at least 30 molecules of ATP.
49
a. glucose.
b. pyruvic acid.
c. lactic acid.
d. ethanol.
e. carbon dioxide.
16
49
a. plasma membrane.
b. cytoplasm.
c. outer mitochondrial membrane.
d. inner mitochondrial membrane.
e. mitochondrial matrix.
51, 53
from
a. substrate-level phosphorylation associated with glycolysis.
b. substrate-level phosphorylation associated with the citric acid cycle.
c. oxidative phosphorylation associated with the electron transport chain.
d. none of the above
(b, d)
51
a. Oxygen is required for the synthesis of ATP..
b. Oxygen becomes negatively charged during ATP synthesis in the mitochondria.
c. Oxygen is bound to water forming peroxide during the final step of ATP
synthesis in the mitochondria.
d. In the electron transport chain, oxygen receives an electron initially released from
NADH.
e. Two of these statements are true.
51–53
a. the oxidation of cofactors (NADH and FADH2) reduced during oxidation of citric
acid cycle intermediates.
b. the transport of hydrogen ions from the mitochondrial matrix to the
intermembrane space.
c. generating water.
d. all of these
e. none of these
F 2-20
a. hydrogen ions pass from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space,
activating ATP synthase.
b. hydrogen ions pass from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix,
activating ATP synthase.
c. water passes from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space,
activating ATP synthase.
d. water passes from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix,
activating ATP synthase.
e
The citric acid cycle occurs in the
17
53
species?
a. superoxide dismutase.
b. catalase.
c. glutathione peroxidase.
d. ascorbate.
B. True or False
54
55
57 in ATP synthesis.
57 synthesized in the nucleus such as mRNAs.
60 the dominant structure in flagella.
65 matrix rather than by contacts made with neighboring cells.
28 stress.
33
40
46
18
C. Matching (correct answers are aligned with each number; e.g., #1 matches with letter a)
D. Essay
Page No.
determine which gene is responsible for draught resistance in a species of tree such as the
white oak?
for a cell to be larger or smaller than its proteome? Explain.
important, its knock-out will result in lethality. On the other hand, if it’s very important
its function will be duplicated by another protein, and there will be no obvious
phenotype for the knock-out.” Please explain this statement in your own words.
an added effect on a cellular process as opposed to the process being regulated by only
one of them individually?
with the number of mitochondria? Justify your answer in terms of the function of each or
in the context of overall cellular functions.