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66. Frederick Taylor's contributions were in the field of:
a.
scientific management.
b.
human resource management.
c.
human relations.
d.
quantitative management.
e.
total quality management.
67. Which of the following is not a criticism of scientific management?
a.
It does not appreciate the social context of work.
b.
It does not appreciate the higher needs of workers.
c.
It does not appreciate the careful study of tasks and jobs.
d.
It does not acknowledge variance among individuals.
e.
It tends to regard workers as uninformed and ignored their ideas and suggestions.
68. Standardization of work and wage incentives are characteristics of:
a.
bureaucratic organizations.
b.
scientific management.
c.
quantitative management.
d.
administrative management.
e.
behavioral science.
69. Which of these is a major criticism of scientific management?
a.
It ignored the social context of work.
b.
It ignored the impact of compensation on performance.
c.
It overemphasized individual differences.
d.
It overemphasized the intelligence of workers.
e.
It emphasized the social context of work.
70. The assembly line is most consistent with which of the following general principles of management?
a.
Unity of command
b.
Division of work
c.
Authority
d.
Scalar chain
e.
Quality management
71. The bureaucratic organizations approach is a subfield within the _____.
a.
classical perspective
b.
systems theory
c.
scientific management
d.
learning organization
e.
management science view
72. According to Weber's ideas on bureaucracy, organizations should be based on which of these?
a.
Personal loyalty
b.
Personal references
c.
Rational authority
d.
Family ties
e.
Charismatic authority
73. Whereas scientific management focused on _____ , administrative principles approach focused on the _____.
a.
individual productivity; total organization
b.
organization productivity; individual effort
c.
efficient procedures; management by principle
d.
employee ability; employee loyalty
e.
employee competence; work flow through the organization
74. Archies' Antiques, Inc., is characterized by separation of management from ownership and by clearly defined lines of
authority and responsibility. These characteristics are consistent with the principles of:
a.
scientific management.
b.
bureaucratic organizations.
c.
administrative management theory.
d.
human resource management.
e.
all of these.
75. All of the following are characteristics of Weberian bureaucracy except:
a.
labor is divided with clear definitions of authority and responsibility that are legitimized as official duties.
b.
positions are organized in a hierarchy of authority, with each position under the authority of a higher one.
c.
all personnel are selected and promoted based on technical qualifications.
d.
administrative acts and decisions are recorded in writing.
e.
management is the same as the ownership of the organization.
76. Max Weber felt selection of employees should be based on _____.
a.
education
b.
competence
c.
connections
d.
political skills
e.
efficient systems
77. Matrix Dress Designs operates using the concept of empowerment, where employees act independently and with
management facilitating rather than controlling workers. These qualities represent which management approach?
a.
Administrative principles approach
b.
Bureaucratic approach
c.
Scientific management approach
d.
Humanistic approach
e.
Behavioral sciences approach
78. Positions organized in a hierarchy of authority is an important characteristic of:
a.
scientific management.
b.
bureaucratic organizations.
c.
quantitative management.
d.
the human relations movement.
e.
total quality management.
79. UPS is successful in the small package delivery market. One important reason for this success is the concept of:
a.
globalization.
b.
employee flexibility.
c.
loose standards.
d.
bureaucracy.
e.
non-bureaucratic organizational system.
80. Mary Parker Follett contributed to which field?
a.
Humanistic approach
b.
Scientific management approach
c.
Total quality management approach
d.
Quantitative approach to management
e.
Systems approach to management
81. The principle that similar activities in an organization should be grouped together under one manager is the essence of
the classical perspective known as:
a.
unity of command.
b.
division of work.
c.
unity of direction.
d.
scalar chain.
e.
quality management.
82. The use of specialization to produce more and better work with the same level of effort is consistent with the
administrative management principle of:
a.
unity of command.
b.
unity of direction.
c.
scalar chain.
d.
division of work.
e.
none of these
83. Genex Dynamics is a ballistics company that uses the unity of command, scalar chain, and division of work principles.
These are part of which management philosophy?
a.
Administrative principles approach
b.
Bureaucratic approach
c.
Scientific management approach
d.
Humanistic approach
e.
Behavioral sciences approach
84. The _____ refers to a chain of authority extending from top to the bottom of the organization and including every
employee.
a.
unity of command
b.
division of labor
c.
unity of direction
d.
scalar chain
e.
none of these
85. Mary Parker Follett thought of leadership as _____, rather than techniques.
a.
systems
b.
top managers
c.
people
d.
efficiencies
e.
floor managers
86. A key finding in the Hawthorne studies was which of these?
a.
Stronger lighting increased productivity.
b.
More money resulted in increased productivity.
c.
Productivity declined in all experiments.
d.
Higher temperatures reduced productivity.
e.
Human relations increased productivity.
87. Chester Bernard felt that _____ could help a poorly managed organization.
a.
bureaucracy
b.
line managers
c.
efficiencies
d.
informal relations
e.
top/down flow of information
88. The findings provided by the Hawthorne Studies provided the impetus for the _____, despite flawed methodology or
inaccurate conclusions.
a.
classical perspective
b.
humanistic perspective
c.
scientific management
d.
bureaucratic organizations
e.
contingency perspective
89. A social group within an organization is part of the:
a.
formal organizational structure.
b.
informal organization.
c.
scalar chain.
d.
reorganization process.
e.
top management level.
90. A significant contribution of Chester Barnard was the concept of:
a.
bureaucracy.
b.
the informal organization.
c.
total quality management.
d.
scientific management.
e.
traditional theory of authority.
91. The human resources perspective of management links motivation theories with _____.
a.
top management
b.
employee tasks
c.
floor managers
d.
efficiencies
e.
profit maximization
92. A "dairy farm" view of management, i.e., contented cows give more milk, so satisfied workers will give more work
was espoused by:
a.
human relations management.
b.
human resource perspective.
c.
behavioral science approach.
d.
management science perspective.
e.
none of these.
93. Maslow's hierarchy of needs started with which of these needs?
a.
Esteem
b.
Love
c.
Safety
d.
Physiological
e.
Belongingness
94. Tommy believes his employees are responsible, creative, and able to work with minimal direction. He is a:
a.
theory X manager.
b.
theory Y manager.
c.
theory Z manager.
d.
theory A manager.
e.
contingency theory manager.
95. Theory X and Theory Y was developed by _____.
a.
Douglas McGregor
b.
Henry Gantt
c.
Max Weber
d.
Mary Parker Follett
e.
Frank Gilbreth
96. Beth Brant, production supervisor at Trustworthy Tools Mfg., Inc. believes that her employees dislike work, avoid
responsibility, and therefore they need to be controlled and directed. Beth is a:
a.
theory X manager.
b.
theory Y manager.
c.
realistic manager.
d.
theory Z manager.
e.
theory J manager.
97. According to Douglas McGregor, the classical perspective on management is consistent with which of the following?
a.
Theory X manager
b.
Theory Y manager
c.
Theory Z manager
d.
Theory A manager
e.
None of these
98. The behavioral sciences approach is based on which of the following disciplines?
a.
Anthropology
b.
Economics
c.
Sociology
d.
Psychology
e.
All of these
99. Organizational development is one specific set of management techniques based in the _____ approach.
a.
management science
b.
systems theory
c.
behavioral sciences
d.
scientific management
e.
quantitative
100. The Forestville Freeze is regionally known for its employee training programs. Managers at the Freeze conduct
research to determine the best candidate interviewing techniques. This involves the use of which management approach?
a.
Administrative principles approach
b.
Bureaucratic approach
c.
Behavioral sciences approach
d.
Humanistic approach
e.
Scientific management approach
101. The management science perspective emerged after World War II to treat problems associated with:
a.
modern global warfare.
b.
environmental issues.
c.
employee involvement.
d.
Germany.
e.
improving manufacturing.
102. Which of these refers to the management thinking and practice that emphasizes satisfaction of employees' basic
needs as the key to increased worker productivity?
a.
Scientific management perspective
b.
Human resource perspective
c.
Management science perspective
d.
Behavioral sciences approach
e.
Human relations movement
103. Within his role as a financial accountant, Roger uses the capital asset pricing model and other mathematical tools to
help clients keep track of their finances. Which perspective or approach does Roger apply most at his work?
a.
Quantitative perspective
b.
Qualitative perspective
c.
Humanistic approach
d.
Behavioral science approach
e.
Scientific management approach
104. The _____ emphasized the importance of understanding human behaviors, needs, and attitudes in the workplace as
well as social interactions and group processes.
a.
humanistic perspective
b.
classical perspective
c.
scientific management
d.
bureaucratic organizations
e.
contingency perspective
105. Most early interpretations of the Hawthorne studies argued that the factor that best explained increased output was
_____.
a.
money
b.
days off
c.
human relations
d.
lighting
e.
free food
106. The management science perspective applies all of the following to managerial problems EXCEPT:
a.
statistics.
b.
qualitative techniques.
c.
mathematics.
d.
quantitative techniques.
e.
all of these are correct.
107. Operations research grew out of World War II groups and is based on _____.
a.
group dynamics
b.
employees in crisis
c.
production in turbulent times
d.
mathematical equations
e.
a humanistic approach
108. Which of the following refers to financial managers and others who base their decisions on complex quantitative
analysis, under assumption that using advanced mathematics and technology can accurately predict how the market
works?
a.
Stems
b.
Yuppies
c.
Quals
d.
Quants
e.
Fins
109. The most recent subfield of the quantitative perspective is _____, which is reflected in management information
systems designed to provide relevant information to managers in a timely and cost-efficient manner.
a.
operations research
b.
operations management
c.
information technology
d.
systems thinking
e.
infrastructure development
110. The teamwork philosophy is based in part on the assumption that five people working together can produce more
than five people working individually. This philosophy is consistent with the concept of _____.
a.
transformation
b.
entropy
c.
synergy
d.
feedback
e.
quality
111. From the 1950s until today, which management perspective has remained the most prevalent?
a.
Systems
b.
Qualitative
c.
Scientific management
d.
Quantitative
e.
Humanistic
112. Georgia, an airline CEO, often looks for patterns of movement within the airline industry, focusing on the qualities of
rhythm, flow, direction, shape, and networks of relationships. This type of activity, referred to as _____ thinking, allows
Georgia to see the structures that underlie complex situations within the industry and company.
a.
systems
b.
qualitative
c.
quantitative
d.
conceptual
e.
contingency
113. 10 + 10 = 25 reflects which of these?
a.
Entropy
b.
Synergy
c.
Open system
