CHAPTER 17
Domestic Policy
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The text describes the nation’s political agenda as being
a.
easier to understand than other democracies.
b.
dated.
c.
the primary puzzles about public policy.
d.
more difficult to understand than other democracies.
e.
modern.
2. By 2010, Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid together accounted for _________ of the federal
budget.
a.
5 percent
b.
10 percent
c.
20 percent
d.
30 percent
e.
40 percent
3. The two main federal bureaucracies responsible for social welfare policies and programs are
a.
the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the U.S. Department of
Veteran Affairs.
b.
the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and the U.S. Department
of Education.
c.
the U.S. Department of Social Security and the U.S. Department of Health Programs.
d.
the U.S. Department of the Treasury and the U.S. Department of Pensions.
e.
the U.S. Department of the Interior and the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
4. __________ politics means that all or most people benefit and all or most pay.
a.
Majoritarian
b.
Client
c.
Interest-group
d.
Entrepreneurial
e.
None of the above is true.
5. __________ politics means only a few people, communities, or organizations benefit, and a few,
communities, or organizations pay.
a.
Majoritarian
b.
Client
c.
Interest-group
d.
Entrepreneurial
e.
None of the above is true.
6. The Constitution calls for the government to “promote the general Welfare” and “provide for
the…general Welfare” in what two sections of the document?
a.
Article I, Section 8 and Article II, Section 1
b.
The Preamble and Article I, Section 8
c.
Article I, Section 2 and Article III, Section 1
d.
The Preamble and Article IV, Section 1
e.
Article V and Article VI
f.
None of the above is true.
7. In this landmark case, the Supreme Court ruled that Congress has broad discretion to tax and spend “in
the aid of the ‘general welfare.’”
a.
United States v. Butler
b.
Helvering v. Davis
c.
South Dakota v. Dole
d.
Baker v. Carr
e.
Marbury v. Madison
8. Leading up to the 1936 presidential election, this politician was proposing a radical economic plan
entitled “Share Our Wealth.”
a.
Upton Sinclair
b.
Herbert Hoover
c.
Huey Long
d.
Alf Landon
e.
Dr. Francis E. Townsend
9. The Social Security Act became law in __________.
a.
1930
b.
1933
c.
1935
d.
1945
e.
1951
10. A means tested social program is limited to people of certain
a.
social statuses.
b.
education levels.
c.
income levels.
d.
age groups.
e.
states.
11. The passage of the Medicare bill was made possible by
a.
a marked shift in public opinion.
b.
the strong support of the American Medical Association (AMA).
c.
the watering down of the bill to remove the more controversial provisions.
d.
a Democratic landslide in the 1964 elections.
e.
a shift in voting patterns on the United States Supreme Court.
12. Medicare became a cornerstone of Lyndon Johnson’s __________.
a.
Square Deal
b.
New Deal
c.
Fair Deal
d.
Great Society
e.
New Frontier
13. In 2010, about __________ Americans received Social Security benefits.
a.
25 million
b.
20 million
c.
60 million
d.
54 million
e.
50 million
14. One notable difference between the passage of Medicare (1965) and the Patient Protection and
Affordable Care Act (2010) was
a.
the lack of bipartisan support for the 2010 Act.
b.
the lack of bipartisan support for the 1965 Act.
c.
the lack of media coverage given to the 2010 Act.
d.
the lack of media coverage given to the 1965 Act.
e.
the lack of support by Democrats for the 2010 Act.
15. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 does all of the following EXCEPT
a.
extends health care insurance to some 32 million uninsured Americans.
b.
provides federal subsidies to people who are having trouble paying.
c.
imposes a “tax” penalty on people who do not buy health insurance.
d.
provides health care for all who are under 65 and cannot afford it.
e.
dependent children under age 26 are covered by parent’s insurance.
16. Welfare policies in which nearly everyone benefits and nearly everyone pays are characterized by
a.
neo-institutional politics.
b.
minoritarian politics.
c.
client politics.
d.
concurrency politics.
e.
majoritarian politics.
17. Welfare policies in which a relatively few number of people benefit but almost everyone pays are
characterized by
a.
majoritarian politics.
b.
minoritarian politics.
c.
client politics.
d.
concurrency politics.
e.
neo-institutional politics.
18. Of the following, which is NOT a means tested program?
a.
Medicare
b.
Supplemental Security Income
c.
Food Stamps
d.
Medicaid
e.
Earned Income Tax Credit
19. The Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program was created to help support the
children of women
a.
whose husbands had died laboring in factories.
b.
whose husbands were disabled from mining accidents.
c.
whose husbands had perished in disasters.
d.
born out of wedlock.
e.
injured by automobile accidents.
20. Which program is popularly called Social Security?
a.
Old Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI)
b.
Medicare
c.
Unemployment Insurance
d.
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
e.
Supplemental Security Insurance
21. Which of the following involves a cash subsidy to poor working families?
a.
Medicaid
b.
Supplemental Security Income
c.
Medicare
d.
Earned Income Tax Credit
e.
Old Age, Survivors and Disability Insurance
22. Which of the following involves the government’s paying part of the cost of hospital care for retired or
disabled persons on Social Security?
a.
Medicaid
b.
Supplemental Security Income
c.
Medicare
d.
Earned Income Tax Credit
e.
Old Age, Survivors and Disability Insurance
23. In America, when compared to most European democracies, we have insisted that _________ play(s) a
large role in running welfare programs.
a.
the states
b.
the private sector
c.
the U.S. Senate
d.
the federal judiciary
e.
county boards
24. Which of the following nations was the first to create a nationwide social security program?
a.
The United States
b.
Great Britain
c.
Sweden
d.
Norway
e.
Germany
25. Before the passage of the Social Security Act, _________ states had some form of old-age pension.
a.
very few
b.
a moderate number of
c.
many
d.
most
e.
all of the states
26. Medicaid differs from Medicare in that it provides
a.
medical assistance to the aged.
b.
medical assistance to the general public.
c.
medical assistance to the poor.
d.
catastrophic medical coverage.
e.
catastrophic medical coverage to veterans.
27. Who argued that the state in a capitalist society was nothing more than the executive committee of the
propertied classes?
a.
James Madison
b.
Franklin Roosevelt
c.
Karl Marx
d.
Huey Long
e.
Woodrow Wilson
28. Much of the antitrust legislation passed in this country, such as the Sherman Act (1890), has been the
result of
a.
majoritarian politics.
b.
client politics.
c.
interest-group politics.
d.
entrepreneurial politics.
e.
none of the above.
29. The Sherman Act of 1890 is an example of
a.
social welfare legislation.
b.
antitrust legislation.
c.
spending on military matters.
d.
moral legislation.
e.
entrepreneurial politics.
30. The Reagan administration used the Sherman Act to make suit against __________.
a.
IBM
b.
AT&T
c.
Sprint
d.
Microsoft
e.
Apple
31. The Taft-Hartley Act
a.
made illegal the union practice of a closed shop.
b.
made illegal the union practice of a secondary boycott.
c.
authorized the president to obtain a court order blocking for up to eighty days any strike
that imperiled the “national health or safety.”
d.
favored management over labor.
e.
All of the above are true.
32. This body adjudicates disputes between labor and management over the interpretation of labor laws.
a.
The National Labor Relations Board
b.
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration
c.
The Union-Management Board
d.
The Civil Service Commission
e.
The Interstate Commerce Commission
33. Much of the nation’s laws governing labor and occupational health and safety can be considered
a.
majoritarian politics.
b.
client politics.
c.
interest-group politics.
d.
entrepreneurial politics.
e.
None of the above is true.
34. The text argues that agriculture subsidies are an example of
a.
majoritarian politics.
b.
client politics.
c.
interest-group politics.
d.
entrepreneurial politics.
e.
None of the above is true.
35. Even though the national cost of agriculture subsidies is high, there is often a lack of strong political
opposition because
a.
everybody agrees that the subsidies are needed.
b.
the subsidies affect only a few people.
c.
the added cost on individual goods, such as milk and sugar, is not noticeable to each
individual consumer.
d.
Options A, B, C, and D are true.
e.
None of the above is true.
36. By 1990, the cost of sugar subsidies to the American consumer was as much as
a.
$1 million a year.
b.
$3 billion a year.
c.
$500 million a year.
d.
$1 billion a year.
e.
$5 billion a year.
37. Between 1996 and 2001, agriculture subsidies
a.
decreased.
b.
increased.
c.
were targeted toward wheat.
d.
led to an economic downturn.
e.
stabilized the prices farmers earn.
38. Consumer and environmental protection laws are considered
a.
majoritarian politics.
b.
client politics.
c.
interest-group politics.
d.
entrepreneurial politics.
e.
None of the above is true.
39. Of the following, who advocated for consumer and environmental protections?
a.
Ralph Nader
b.
Dr. Harvey Wiley
c.
Senator Estes Kefauver
d.
Senator Edmund Muskie
e.
All of the above are true.
40. This author’s book, The Jungle, dramatized the frightful conditions in meat-packing plants in the early
1900s and helped pave the way for the Meat Inspection Act of 1906.
a.
Huey Long
b.
Upton Sinclair
c.
Charles Dickens
d.
Mark Twain
e.
Sinclair Lewis
41. This policy entrepreneur’s book Unsafe at Any Speed: The Designed-In Dangers of the American
Automobile led to new regulations on the safety of automobiles.
a.
Upton Sinclair
b.
Ralph Nader
c.
Dr. Harvey Wiley
d.
Senator Edmund Muskie
e.
Huey Long
42. This president created the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
a.
John Kennedy
b.
Lyndon Johnson
c.
Richard Nixon
d.
Jimmy Carter
e.
Harry Truman
43. The national event held on April 22, 1970, that celebrated the new environmental movement
was called __________ Day.
a.
Global Awareness
b.
Greenpeace
c.
National Conservation
d.
Cosmos Appreciation
e.
Earth
44. The environmental movement was launched, in part, in reaction to
a.
the appearance of dead whales on the West Coast.
b.
the overpopulation of deer in Oregon.
c.
an outbreak of diseases among birds in the Northeast.
d.
an oil spill on the beaches of Santa Barbara, California.
e.
a natural-gas eruption in Destin, Florida.
45. Which of the following statements regarding cap and trade is incorrect?
a.
It passed in the House of Representatives.
b.
It was similar to requirements imposed by the Kyoto Treaty.
c.
Liberals argues it was not an effective way to reduce pollution.
d.
Conservatives argued that it called for unrealistic decreases in carbon dioxide.
e.
The Senate failed to pass the legislation by a single vote.
46. The text suggests that laws protecting endangered species are examples of __________ politics.
a.
majoritarian
b.
client
c.
interest-group
d.
entrepreneurial
e.
None of the above is true.
47. Compared with European countries, environmental policymaking in the United States tends to be
a.
more regional.
b.
less centralized.
c.
more adversarial.
d.
less client centered.
e.
more uniform.
48. The text suggests that England, and other European nations, may be more successful at abating
pollution than America because environmental regulation is
a.
more regional.
b.
less centralized.
c.
less adversarial.
d.
less client centered.
e.
less uniform.
49. Today, there are more than __________ species on the endangered species list.
a.
one hundred
b.
three hundred
c.
six hundred
d.
two thousand
e.
thirteen thousand
50. The Endangered Species Act of 1973 is primarily implemented by
a.
the Environmental Protection Agency and Fish and Wildlife Services.
b.
the Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
c.
the Office of Endangered Animals and the Environmental Protection Agency.
d.
the Department of Agriculture and the Environmental Protection Agency.
e.
None of the above is true.
51. Most of the debate surrounding the 1970 Clean Air Act centered on the issue of pollution from
a.
automobile air-conditioning units.
b.
tire factories.
c.
automobile tailpipes.
d.
battery factories.
e.
oil refineries.
52. The device used in automobile engines to remove emission pollutants is the
a.
manifold scrubber.
b.
transmission plate.
c.
carburetor emission activator (CEA).
d.
distributor cap.
e.
catalytic converter.
53. The type of politics best illustrated by auto-emission-control regulations is
a.
entrepreneurial politics.
b.
majoritarian politics.
c.
interest group politics.
d.
client politics.
e.
reciprocal politics.
54. Under the Clean Air Act of 1970, states were required to
a.
end all air pollution by 1985.
b.
install smokestack scrubbers on all power plants.
c.
pay the costs of eliminating smog.
d.
restrict the public’s use of cars.
e.
eliminate air pollution in the nation’s largest cities by 1990.
55. Which of the following statements best describes popular support for the National Environmental
Policy Act of 1969, including its call for environmental impact statements?
a.
It remains strong.
b.
It was strong initially but has weakened considerably.
c.
It was weak initially but has grown stronger.
d.
It was weak initially and has grown weaker.
e.
It was weak initially and has remained so.
56. In this decision, the Supreme Court ruled that states should comply with EPA decisions, even if not
explicitly authorized by statute, provided they are reasonable efforts to attain the goal of law.
a.
Union Electric Co. v. Environmental Protection Agency
b.
Chevron v. National Resources Defense Council
c.
Whitman v. American Truck Association
d.
Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency
e.
Gibbons v. Ogden
57. In this decision, the Supreme Court ruled that EPA rules must be observed without regard to their cost
or technological feasibility.
a.
Union Electric Co. v. Environmental Protection Agency
b.
Chevron v. National Resources Defense Council
c.
Whitman v. American Truck Association
d.
Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency
e.
Gibbons v. Ogden
58. The type of politics best illustrated by the acid rain controversy is
a.
entrepreneurial politics.
b.
majoritarian politics.
c.
interest group politics.
d.
client politics.
e.
reciprocal politics.
59. The form of pollutant thought to be caused by the burning of high-sulfur coal by Midwestern power
and industrial plants is
a.
black snow.
b.
river ooze.
c.
smog.
d.
ozone.
e.
acid rain.
60. Which book raised public awareness about DDT?
a.
The Jungle
b.
RAW
c.
Unsafe at Any Speed
d.
Love Canal
e.
Silent Spring
TRUE/FALSE
1. Today, restrictions on foreign oil imports continue and unlimited freedom has been extended to oil
companies to drill wherever they please.
2. The federal government spends more on foreign aid than it does Medicaid.
3. Environmental issues are receiving less support today than in the past.
4. Majoritarian politics hold narrowly concentrated benefits and widely distributed costs.
5. Alexander Hamilton argued the interpretation of the phrase “general welfare” should be broad.
6. Polls suggested most Americans supported “Obamacare.”
7. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 passed without a single Republican vote.
8. The Medicare program does not utilize a means test.
9. Medicare Part D is a voluntary prescription drug program for qualifying senior citizens.
10. America has been slower than other nations to embrace the welfare state.
11. Great Britain had national systems of old-age pensions, health insurance, and unemployment insurance
long before the United States did.
12. The Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program was created by the Social Security Act
of 1935.
13. Medicaid was created during Franklin Roosevelt’s administration.
14. Medicaid provides health coverage for people receiving TANF or SSI payments.
15. Antitrust laws are examples of majoritarian politics.
16. If more milk is produced than people want to drink, then the Agriculture Department’s Commodity
Credit Corporation purchases the surplus milk with tax dollars.
17. Federalism reduces adversarial politics in environmental policy.
18. In England, the writing of environmental rules is just as adversarial as the United States.
19. It took thirteen years, from 1977 to 1990, to agree on a congressional revision of the Clean Air Act.
20. The atmosphere now has less carbon monoxide than it once did.
ESSAY
1. Identify the three largest social welfare programs as a percentage of the federal budget.
2. Identify and discuss the four types of politics based on benefits and cost.
3. Explain how Madison and Hamilton disagreed over the Constitution’s statement “promote the
general welfare.”
4. Explain how public opinion changed and AFDC lost its legitimacy.
5. What three problems does the text associate with Medicare?
6. What are four important factors to consider when thinking about the social welfare policy in the
United States?
7. List the five reasons why the consumer and environmental protection agencies may not be as
vulnerable to capture as some critics contend.
8. Explain how the environmental movement was created by entrepreneurial politics.
9. Discuss the unique features of U.S. environmental politics and how these features shape
environmental policy.
10. Explain why agricultural pesticides are considered client politics.