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1. Employee motivation affects productivity, and part of a manager's job is to channel motivation toward the
accomplishment of organizational goals.
a.
True
b.
False
2. Two ways to classify rewards are extrinsic and monetary.
a.
True
b.
False
3. Rewards given by another person are intrinsic rewards.
a.
True
b.
False
4. Extrinsic rewards refers to the satisfaction a person receives in the process of performing a particular action.
a.
True
b.
False
5. The arousal, direction and persistence of behavior refers to motivation.
a.
True
b.
False
6. Process theories emphasize the needs that motivate people.
a.
True
b.
False
7. Three categories of motivation theories are content theories, process theories, and reinforcement theories.
a.
True
b.
False
8. Physiological needs are the most basic human physical needs, which are reflected in the workplace as needs for
adequate heat, air, and base salary to ensure survival.
a.
True
b.
False
9. In Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, freedom from violence is an example of physiological needs.
a.
True
b.
False
10. According to MANAGER'S SHOPTALK in Chapter 16, a criticism of carrot-and-stick approaches is that extrinsic
rewards assume people are driven by higher-level needs.
a.
True
b.
False
11. Esteem needs are those needs that relate to the desire for a positive self-image and to receive attention, recognition,
and appreciation from others.
a.
True
b.
False
12. External and relatedness are the first two groups of needs in Aldefer's ERG theory.
a.
True
b.
False
13. Many companies are finding that creating a humane work environment that allows people to achieve a balance
between work and personal life is also a great high-level motivator.
a.
True
b.
False
14. Herzberg's two-factor theory divides work-related needs into two categories: hygiene factors and reward factors.
a.
True
b.
False
15. Factors that influence job satisfaction based on fulfillment of high-level needs such as achievement, recognition, and
opportunity for growth are called motivators.
a.
True
b.
False
16. Hygiene factors are the same as dissatisfiers and include company policies and procedures.
a.
True
b.
False
17. Hygiene factors are the same as satisfiers and are based on fulfillment of higher level needs including responsibility.
a.
True
b.
False
18. The implication of the two-factor theory for managers is clear. Providing hygiene factors will eliminate employee
dissatisfaction but will not motivate workers to high achievement levels.
a.
True
b.
False
19. A need for power, a need for accomplishment and a need for superior power is proposed by David McClelland's
acquired needs theory.
a.
True
b.
False
20. A high need for power often is associated with successful attainment of top levels in the organizational hierarchy.
a.
True
b.
False
21. The group of theories that explain how employees meet their needs and determine their success are called process
theories.
a.
True
b.
False
22. Expectancy theory is a process theory that focuses on individuals' perception of how fairly they are treated in
comparison to other people.
a.
True
b.
False
23. Goal acceptance, in goal-setting theory, means that employees have to "buy into" the goals and be committed to them.
a.
True
b.
False
24. Goal-setting theory proposes that managers can increase motivation by setting specific, challenging goals that are
accepted as valid by subordinates, then helping people track their progress toward goal achievement by providing timely
feedback.
a.
True
b.
False
25. Goal specificity, in goal-setting theory, refers to the difficulty level of goals.
a.
True
b.
False
26. The equity theory focuses on individual's perceptions of how fairly they are treated relative to others.
a.
True
b.
False
27. The equity theory, by J. Stacy Adams, states that equity exists when the ratio of outcomes to inputs for one person is
equal to the same ratio for another person.
a.
True
b.
False
28. Expectancy theory is based on the relationship among the individual's effort and performance and not on the
desirability of outcomes.
a.
True
b.
False
29. Motivation increases, according to the expectancy theory, when the worker believes that the successful performance
will result by putting effort into a given task. This is called E-P expectancy.
a.
True
b.
False
30. According to expectancy theory, for an employee to be highly motivated, E-P expectancy and valence must be
maximized.
a.
True
b.
False
31. Valence is the perceived value of a reward or outcome.
a.
True
b.
False
32. The expectancy theory attempts to define specific types of needs or rewards to establish that they exist and may be
similar to other individuals.
a.
True
b.
False
33. Behavior that is positively reinforced tends to be repeated, and behavior that is not reinforced tends not to be repeated,
as stated in the Law of Effect.
a.
True
b.
False
34. The administration of a pleasant and rewarding consequence following a desired behavior is positive reinforcement.
a.
True
b.
False
35. The imposition of unpleasant outcomes on an employee is avoidance learning.
a.
True
b.
False
36. Punishment increases the likelihood that behavior will be repeated.
a.
True
b.
False
37. Punishment is the imposition of an unpleasant outcome following undesirable behavior.
a.
True
b.
False
38. One weakness of the use of punishment in organizations is that it fails to indicate the correct behavior.
a.
True
b.
False
39. Extinction is defined as the withdrawal of positive reward.
a.
True
b.
False
40. Job rotation systematically moves employees from one job to another, thereby increasing the number of different tasks
an employee performs without increasing the complexity of any one job.
a.
True
b.
False
41. Job enlargement is a job design that incorporates achievement, recognition, and other high-level motivators into the
work.
a.
True
b.
False
42. Job enlargement combines a series of tasks into one new, broader job.
a.
True
b.
False
43. The degree to which the job is perceived as important and having an impact on the company or customers refers to
task significance.
a.
True
b.
False
44. The job characteristic of autonomy influences the worker's experiencing meaningfulness of work.
a.
True
b.
False
45. Skill variety, task identity, and task significance tend to influence the employee's psychological state of experienced
meaningfulness of work.
a.
True
b.
False
46. Gain sharing rewards employees with part ownership of the organization based on achieving performance goals.
a.
True
b.
False
47. Empowering employees means giving them four elements that enable them to act more freely to accomplish their jobs:
information, knowledge, power, and rewards.
a.
True
b.
False
48. Employee stock ownership plans give employees part ownership of the organization, enabling them to share in
improved profit performance.
a.
True
b.
False
49. Organizations that empower employees often reward them based on the results shown in the company's bottom line.
a.
True
b.
False
50. Employee engagement means that people enjoy their jobs and are satisfied with their work conditions, contribute
enthusiastically to meeting team and organizational goals, and feel a sense of belonging and commitment to the
organization.
a.
True
b.
False
51. Which of the following is the arousal, direction, and persistence of behavior?
a.
Commitment
b.
Motivation
c.
Satisfaction
d.
Rewarding behavior
e.
Behavior modification
52. A(n)_____ refers to a reward given by another person.
a.
intrinsic reward
b.
internal reward
c.
extrinsic reward
d.
valued reward
e.
charity
53. A(n)_____ is an example of an intrinsic reward.
a.
employee's feelings of self-worth
b.
pat on the back from your boss
c.
pay raise
d.
promotion
e.
bonus
54. Katie dislikes almost everything about her job. The only reason she continues to work at Mace Autobody is the
excellent benefits package she receives. Katie is motivated by:
a.
extrinsic rewards.
b.
intrinsic rewards.
c.
variable rewards.
d.
all of these.
e.
none of these.
55. Sally enjoys her job as a teacher, not because of the pay or benefits, but because she feels good about shaping the
minds of tomorrow’s leaders. Sally is motivated by:
a.
power factors.
b.
leadership factors.
c.
hygiene factors.
d.
extrinsic rewards.
e.
intrinsic rewards.
56. Which of the following theories focuses on employee learning of desired work behaviors?
a.
Reinforcement theory
b.
ERG theory
c.
Hierarchy of needs theory
d.
Experiential learning theory
e.
Content theory
57. Which motivation theory proposes that needs must be satisfied in sequence?
a.
Reinforcement theory
b.
ERG theory
c.
Hierarchy of needs theory
d.
Experiential learning theory
e.
Social learning theory
58. Which of the following theories emphasize the needs that motivate people?
a.
Process
b.
Reinforcement
c.
Content
d.
Contingency
e.
Situational
59. Which of the following is a content theory that proposes that people are motivated by physiological, safety,
belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization needs?
a.
Reinforcement theory
b.
Process theory
c.
Situational theory
d.
Hierarchy of needs theory
e.
Contingency theory
60. _____ focus on employee learning of desired work behaviors.
a.
Contingency theories
b.
Situational theories
c.
Content theories
d.
Process theories
e.
Reinforcement theories
61. Which of the following is NOT a need proposed by Maslow in his hierarchy of needs theory?
a.
Safety needs
b.
Compensation needs
c.
Physiological needs
d.
Esteem needs
e.
Self-actualization needs
62. Nelson is motivated by a strong need for recognition and is continually seeking credit for his contributions to the
organization. According to Maslow, Neil is motivated by which category of needs?
a.
Physiological
b.
Safety
c.
Belongingness
d.
Esteem
e.
Self-actualization
63. _____ describe the most basic human physical needs, including food, water and oxygen.
a.
Self-actualization needs
b.
Physiological needs
c.
Esteem needs
d.
Belongingness needs
e.
Safety needs
64. Which need describes the desire to be accepted by one's peer, have friendships, be part of a group, and be loved?
a.
Self-actualization needs
b.
Physiological needs
c.
Esteem needs
d.
Belongingness needs
e.
Safety needs
65. According to Maslow, the highest order needs are:
a.
self-actualization needs.
b.
physiological needs.
c.
esteem needs.
d.
belongingness needs.
e.
safety needs.
