CHAPTER 16
THEORIES IN COMBINATION
506. The contextually responsive career counseling system of Lapan and Turner includes all but ONE of
the following theories or models?
a. Vondracek’s identity concepts
b. Gottfredson’s self-creation model
c. Bloch and Richmond’s spirituality model
d. social cognitive career theory
507. Which of the following theorists does NOT have a developmental model of career development?
a. Vondracek
b. Gottfredson
c. Holland
d. Super
508. Which of the following theorists does NOT have a developmental model of career development?
a. Vondracek
b. Gottfredson
c. Blustein
d. Super
509. Which of the following theorists does NOT have a developmental model of career development?
a. cognitive information processing theorists
b. Vondracek
c. Gottfredson
d. Super
510. Which theory provides a theoretical model for understanding the career development of elementary
school children?
a. Gottfredson’s theory
b. Myers-Briggs Type theory
c. trait and factor theory
d. work adjustment theory
511. Which theory provides a theoretical model for supplementing Super’s theory of adolescent career
development
a. Myers-Briggs Type theory
b. Howard and Walsh
c. trait and factor theory
d. work adjustment theory
512. Which theory would be least appropriate for individuals WITHOUT some work experience?
a. Gottfredson’s theory
b. Myers-Briggs Type theory
c. trait and factor theory
d. work adjustment theory
513. Morris believes that medical school is open only to wealthy students. Which theorists would MOST
likely correct Morris’s mistaken beliefs?
a. constructivist
b. Krumboltz social learning theorists
c. spiritual career theory
d. work adjustment theorists
514. Which of the following is NOT a type of trait and factor theory?
a. Holland’s theory
b. Hopson and Adam’s theory
c. Myers-Briggs Type theory
d. work adjustment theory
515. Which of the following is NOT a type of trait and factor theory?
a. Holland’s theory
b. Myers-Briggs Type theory
c. Super’s theory
d. work adjustment theory
516. Which of the following is NOT a type of trait and factor theory?
a. constructivist theory
b. Holland’s theory
c. Myers-Briggs Type theory
d. work adjustment theory
517. Hansen’s holistic approach to life planning is most similar to
a. cognitive information processing.
b. Myers Briggs Type theory.
c. a spiritual approach.
d. trait and factor theory
518. Social cognitive career theory and Hansen’s holistic approach share this in common.
a. a focus on behavior
b. a focus on cognition
c. a focus on typologies
d. a focus on women and culturally diverse populations
519. Hansen’s emphasis on connecting family to work is most similar to
a. cognitive information processing theory.
b. social learning theory.
c. family systems therapy.
d. psychoanalysis.
520. Which theory connects LEAST well with Hansen’s integrative life planning approach?
a. cognitive information processing theory.
b. a spiritual approach.
c. narrative career counseling.
d. Super’s developmental theory
521. Screening methods are often used in career counseling to
a. decide which theories should be used in career counseling.
b. evaluate counselor competence.
c. find which individuals can benefit most from career counseling.
d. help students who are planning to look for work as soon as they have graduated from high school.
522. Screening methods are NOT used in counseling to
a. find which individuals can benefit most from career counseling
b. provide career counseling for students who are planning to look for work as soon as they have graduated
from high school.
c. separate clients into groups so that appropriate interventions can be provided depending on test score.
523. Which of these instruments can be considered a self-counseling instrument?
a. Holland’s Self-Directed Search
b. Minnesota Importance Questionnaire
c. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
d. Scholastic Assessment Test
524. Which of these instruments is the most cost effective as a guidance tool?
a. Holland’s Self-Directed Search
b. Minnesota Importance Questionnaire
c. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
d. Scholastic Assessment Tests
525. Computer assisted guidance tools, such as DISCOVER and SIGI3, tend to be most similar to
a. Gottfredson’s theory.
b. the spiritual approach
c. trait and factor theory.
d. work adjustment theory.
526. Which of the following features are associated with computer guidance software, but not with tests or
inventories?
a. being interactive
b. being theoretically sound
c. not decision focused
d. potentially unethical
527. Computer assisted guidance systems differ from tests and inventories in that computer guidance
systems
a. are potentially unethical.
b. contain an occupational data base.
c. have a self-assessment component.
d. have no relationship to career development theory.
528. Which of these features of group career counseling is also available in individual career counseling?
a. being motivated by peers
b. gaining self-understanding
c. having an opportunity to assist others
d. learning from others in a similar situation
529. Alice is having difficulty selling herself to employers. Her counselor concludes that her reticent
nature reflects her Realistic rather than Enterprising personality. Her counselor is using
a. cognitive information processing theory.
b. Holland’s theory.
c. Myers-Briggs Type theory.
d. work adjustment theory.
530. Brian is having difficulty networking with employers. His counselor finds that Brian is preoccupied
by his inner world rather than the outer world that deals with employment. His counselor is using
a. constructivist theory
b. Holland’s theory.
c. Myers-Briggs Type theory.
d. work adjustment theory.
531. Because Ellsworth enjoys interacting with others rather than thinking about his own motives, and he
makes decisions more on his judgments rather than his perception of events, his counselor finds this theory
useful in thinking about Ellsworth’s work adjustment.
a. constructivist theory.
b. Holland’s theory.
c. Myers-Briggs Type theory.
d. Super’s theory.
532. Which theory views career counseling as dealing with the client’s story?
a. Holland’s theory
b. narrative counseling
c. Phillips’s theory
d. Super’s theory
533. Actions of others is a concept that is associated with this theory.
a. Gottfredson’s theory
b. Holland’s theory
c. Phillips’s theory
d. work adjustment theory
534. The career development theory that focuses on the effect that actions of others have on a client’s
career choice is
a. Gottfredson’s theory.
b. social cognitive career theory.
c. Phillips’s theory.
d. spirituality theories.
535. Hearing that her job has been terminated, Eleanor has responded by saying, “I never will get another
job. There is no other work that I can do.” Her counselor responds by saying, “There are other jobs that
you can do. I will help you consider other types of work.” The counselor’s statements most clearly fits
a. Holland’s theory.
b. Myers- Briggs Type theory.
c. social learning theory.
d. Super’s developmental theory.
536. Which career development theory emphasizes relationships in working more than career choice?
a. Erikson’s identity theory
b. Phillips’s theory
c. attachment theory
d. Blustein’s theory
537. Which Holland category has more occupations associated with it in the Dictionary of Occupational
Titles than any other Holland category?
a. Enterprising
b. Investigative
c. Realistic
d. Social
538. Which occupational classification system has the fewest first level or major categories?
a. Dictionary of Occupational Titles
b. Guide for Occupational Exploration
c. Holland’s system
d. The O*NET
539. Which career development theory explains the impact of learning gender roles between the ages of 6
and 8?
a. career self-efficacy theory
b. Gottfredson’s theory
c. Holland’s theory
d. work adjustment theory
540. Jane and her counselor have different ways of perceiving and intuiting. This statement reflects
a. construct theory
b. Holland’s theory.
c. Myers-Briggs Type theory.
d. Super’s theory.
541. Jack and his counselor mutually reinforce each other. Both can be viewed as environments. These
comments are based on
a. cognitive information processing
b. Gottfredson’s theory.
c. social cognitive career theory
d. work adjustment theory.
542. Mark is 18 and his counselor is 65. The theory that provides the most understanding for dealing with
age discrepancies between counselor and client is
a. cognitive information processing theory.
b. Holland’s theory.
c. Myers-Briggs Type theory.
d. Super’s theory.
543. Theories that focus on the unequal opportunities for women and people from diverse cultural groups
are most likely to be
a. career decision-making.
b. narrative.
c. sociological and economic.
d. trait and factor.
544. Which theory is associated with the terms “Conventional” and “Enterprising”?
a. Holland’s theory.
b. Myers- Briggs Type theory.
c. social learning theory.
d. Super’s developmental theory.
545. “Sensing” and “intuiting” are terms associated with
a. Holland’s theory.
b. Myers- Briggs Type theory.
c. social learning theory.
d. Super’s developmental theory.
546. “Self-observation generalizations about interests” refers to
a. Holland’s theory.
b. Myers- Briggs Type theory.
c. Krumboltz’s social learning theory.
d. trait and factor theory.
547. “Maintenance” and “disengagement” stages are a part of
a. Holland’s theory.
b. Hopson and Adam’s theory.
c. Myers- Briggs Type theory.
d. Super’s developmental theory.
548. Dealing with trauma due to sudden job termination is covered most completely by
a. Holland’s theory.
b. Hopson and Adam’s theory.
c. Myers- Briggs Type theory.
d. Super’s developmental theory.
549. Which of the following theories has been least successful in explaining career development?
a. Gottfredson’s theory.
b. Holland’s theory.
c. Roe’s theory.
d. Super’s theory.
550. Which of the following theories integrates several theories within it?
a. Gottfredson’s developmental theory
b. Holland’s trait and factor theory
c. Lapan and Turner’s contextually responsive career counseling system
d. Super’s developmental theory