CHAPTER 15
CAREER DECISION-MAKING THEORY
468. Professor X has developed a theory of career decision-making that he feels would help all students
make better career choices. His approach would best be called
a. descriptive.
b. existential.
c. prescriptive.
d. sequential.
469. Counselor A believes that the career decision-making is a process and that there is no Abest@ way to
make career decisions. Her approach would best be called
a. descriptive.
b. existential.
c. prescriptive.
d. sequential.
470. Lifecareer is an example of a (an) approach to career decision-making.
a. crisis
b. prescriptive
c. spiritual
d. trait and factor
471. Self acceptance and reducing stress are an important aspect of this career development theory.
a. Holland’s typology
b. social learning theory
c. a spiritual approach
d. work adjustment theory
472. In a spiritual approach to career counseling, the counselor focuses on
a. the past.
b. the present.
c. the future.
d. all of the above.
473. In her Lifecareer Theory, Miller-Tiedeman emphasizes the importance of listening to in
making career decisions.
a. experts in specific occupations
b. expert advice from counselors
c. friends and family
d. one’s self
474. Miller-Tiedeman’s career decision-making theory would classify the statement, “Oscar enjoys English
and would make a good English teacher.” as
a. common reality.
b. existential reality.
c. personal reality.
d. sequential reality.
475. Miller-Tiedeman’s career decision-making theory would classify the statement, “I think that I could
be a really good fighter pilot.” as
a. common reality.
b. existential reality.
c. personal reality.
d. sequential reality.
476. Helping clients have intentions, but not place time restrictions on them, is important to
a. cognitive information processing theory.
b. Myers-Briggs Type theory
c. social cognitive career theory.
d. a spiritual approach to career development.
477. According to Bloch and Richmond, changing one’s view of time by experiencing the moment can
help bring about in one’s life.
a. a calling
b. balance
c. energy
d. unity
478. The concept of energy is important in this theoretical approach to career development.
a. cognitive information processing
b. Krumboltz’s social learning
c. spiritual
d. social cognitive
479. The concept of harmony is important in this theoretical approach to career development.
a. cognitive information processing
b. Krumboltz’s social learning
c. spiritual
d. social cognitive
480. Community is an important aspect of Bloch and Richmond’s spiritual approach. Which of the
following is NOT a type of community that they describe?
a. communities of companionship
b. communities of culture
c. religious communities
d. the cosmic community
481. According to Bloch and Richmond, individuals who are truly absorbed by their work and find it joyful
are said to have
a. found their calling.
b. found their inner space.
c. reached the establishment stage.
d. reached the disengagement stage.
482. According to Bloch and Richmond, meditation can be helpful in one’s career development because it
brings
a. change.
b. harmony.
c. testing out.
d. a job that pays well.
483. Helping clients respect their lives and process their decisions is recommended by
a. cognitive information processing theory.
b. a spiritual approach to career development.
c. Myer-Briggs type theory.
d. work adjustment theory.
484. Enthusiasm for change is characteristic of this approach to career counseling:
a. cognitive information processing theory.
b. a spiritual approach to career development.
c. Phillips’s developmental relational model.
d. work adjustment theory.
485. Using assessment instruments cautiously, so that they do not interfere with exploration of one’s career
choice fits with this approach or theory?
a. a spiritual approach to career development.
b. Holland’s theory.
c. cognitive information processing theory.
d. trait and factor theory.
486. An important influence on cognitive information processing theory is
a. cognitive therapy.
b. cognitive science.
c. social cognitive theory.
d. none of these.
487. Cognitive schemas are
a. devious ways of learning.
b. cosmic virtues.
c. ways of grouping learned information.
d. identity crises.
488. Improving problem-solving abilities is an important goal of which of these career decision-making
theories?
a. a spiritual approach
b. cognitive information processing
c. Phillips’s developmental relational model.
d. Hansen’s holistic approach to life planning.
489. The self-knowledge domain of cognitive information processing is most similar to
a. Holland’s concept of congruence.
b. Myers-Briggs Type theory’s concept of introversion.
c. social cognitive career theory’s concept of self-efficacy
d. trait and factor theory’s first step.
490. The occupational knowledge domain of knowing about one’s opinions about the world of work is
most similar to
a. Holland’s concept of consistency.
b. Myers-Briggs Type theory’s concept of extraversion.
c. social cognitive career theory’s concept of outcome expectations.
d. trait and factor theory’s second step.
491. Ms. Nirlno has received a formal notification from her supervisor that her work is not meeting
company expectations. She is upset and concerned. Which of these cognitive information processing skills
is most likely being used as she contemplates her future?
a. communication
b. analysis
c. synthesis
d. valuing
e. execution
492. In cognitive information processing theory, starting to think about problems in choosing a career
would fit with this step.
a. communication
b. analysis
c. synthesis
d. valuing
e. execution
493. Examining steps one and two of trait and factor theory would require this phase of cognitive
information processing skills.
a. communication
b. analysis
c. synthesis
d. valuing
e. execution
494. Reexamining interests and abilities would require this phase of cognitive information processing
skills. a. communication
b. analysis
c. synthesis
d. valuing
e. execution
495. Creating many possible career alternative is this aspect of cognitive information processing skills.
a. communication
b. analysis
c. synthesis
d. valuing
e. execution
496. Dr. Almo is questioning whether he wants to continue being a dermatologist. He has made a list of
20 occupations to consider in more depth. He is using this aspect of cognitive information processing skills.
a. communication
b. analysis
c. synthesis
d. valuing
e. execution
497. When Armand asks what is the best career choice for him, he is asking a question that reflects which
phase of cognitive information processing theory?
a. communication
b. analysis
c. synthesis
d. valuing
e. execution
498. Jamelle has narrowed down his first, second and third career choices. He is most likely in this phase
of cognitive information processing theory?
a. communication
b. analysis
c. synthesis
d. valuing
e. execution
499. When Carol plans how she will be become a physician, she is using this phase of cognitive information
processing theory:
a. communication
b. analysis
c. synthesis
d. valuing
e. execution
500. Bernadette is upset about being passed over for a job promotion. She is planning an effective strategy
so that she will be more likely to be promoted in the future. She is using this phase of cognitive information
processing theory.
a. communication
b. analysis
c. synthesis
d. valuing
e. execution
501. Amanda is aware that she has been influenced by her older sister’s goal to become an obstetrician,
rather than focusing on her own interests. Amanda is using which of these cognitive information processing
executive domains?
a. cognitive schemas
b. monitoring
c. self-awareness
d. self-talk
502. By controlling their career decision-making process, individuals are using which executive domain in
cognitive information processing theory?
a. cognitive schemas
b. monitoring
c. self-awareness
d. self-talk
503. Which theory is most concerned with how family issues and careers impact each other?
a. cognitive information theory
b. Hansen’s holistic approach to life planning
c. social cognitive career theory
d. work adjustment theory
504. Which career decision-making theory is most likely to use the most structured approach to counseling?
a. cognitive information processing theory
b. a spiritual approach
c. Phillips’s developmental relationship model
d. Myers-Briggs type theory
505. Which of the following career counseling approaches is most concerned about cultural diversity?
a. cognitive information processing theory
b. Holland’s theory
c. Hansen’s holistic approach to life planning
d. Phillips’s development relationship model