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CHAPTER 12
RELATIONAL APPROACHES TO CAREER DEVELOPMENT
376. Anne Roe’s career development theory was based on the work of
a. Carl Rogers.
b. Donald Super.
c. John Holland.
d. Sigmund Freud.
377. Psychoanalysis is the basis for which of these career development theories?
a. Anne Roe’s personality development theory
b. John Holland’s personality theory
c. parent-child interaction theory
d. work adjustment theory
378. Which of these concepts is associated with attachment theory of career development?
a. avoidance of the child
b. extraversion
c. secure pattern
d. stabilizing
379. Relationships with parents is most important in this theory of career development.
a. attachment theory
b. Blustein’s relational theory of working
c. Phillips’s developmental relationship model
d. Roe’s personality development model
380. Parenting style is most important to this theory of career development.
a. Blustein’s relational theory of working
b. Myers-Briggs Type theory
c. Roe’s personality development theory
d. work adjustment theory
381. Relationships with family, friends, peers, teachers, and others is associated with this theory.
a. family systems therapy
b. Phllips’s developmental relational model
c. Roe’s personality theory
d. Super’s developmental theory
382. Career development theorists who are influenced by attachment theory study how
a. attachment issues in early childhood relate to later career development
b. basic elements of career choice are determined by the age of seven.
c. individuals become attached to a career choice at an early age and do not waiver.
d. volunteer work in college is unrelated to later choice of a career.
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383. The anxious ambivalent pattern of behavior in young children is associated with this theory.
a. attachment theory
b. family systems therapy
c. Phillips’s developmental relational model
d. Super’s developmental theory
384. Which of the following theories has generated the most research support for its theoretical constructs?
a. attachment theory
b. Blustein’s relational theory of working
c. Phillips’s developmental relational model
d. Super’s developmental theory
385. Contextual action theory is used to explain
a. the role of parenting style on the occupational choice of children.
b. how peers influence the career choice of students.
c. how parents and children perceive the children’s career decision-making.
d. attachment style of children and how it affects career choice.
386. Research on attachment theory is associated with the work of
a. John Bowlby.
b. Sigmund Freud.
c. Anne Roe.
d. Donald Super.
387. The “strange situation” method is used to make observations about
a. career maturity.
b. decision-making.
c. patterns of attachment.
d. work adjustment.
388. Frequent career exploration behavior is most likely to be found in one or more of these attachment
patterns.
a. anxious-ambivalent
b. avoidant
c. secure
d. all of the above
389. Which theory makes specific predictions about the effect of parental relationships on occupational
selection?
a. attachment theory
b. Blustein’s relational theory of working
c. Roe’s theory
d. Phillips’s theory
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390. Discussing attachment issues in counseling may be helpful in career exploration, as it can help an
individual develop
a. a sense of identity.
b. a sense of security.
c. career maturity.
d. self-efficacy.
391. Phillips and her colleagues have examined career decision-making as it relates to
a. behavioral theory.
b. cognitive theory.
c. relationships the decision-maker has with others.
d. spiritual approaches to counseling.
392. Blustein points out that relationships at work
a. are less important than the work itself.
b. can prevent advancement.
c. provide an opportunity for supervisory experience.
d. can be a valuable part of work experience.
393. The Parent Involved Career Exploration Counseling Process (PICE) features counseling which
focuses on
a. the parent’s discussing career issues with a counselor and without the child present.
b. the parents and children working together with a counselor.
c. the child’s attachment to the parents.
d. furthering an enmeshed relationship between child and parent.
394. The Parent Involved Career Exploration Counseling Process (PICE) was developed by studying
a. children’s views of their relationships with parents.
b. childhood recollections of a sample of adult workers.
c. examining conversations between parents and their own children.
d. parents’ views of how they raise their children.
395. In career counseling, a genogram can be used to
a. assess abilities.
b. assess interests.
c. discuss career choices of relatives.
d. send new career information to clients.
396. Vanessa works as a cashier at a grocery store She tells her counselor that the friends that she has met
at work mean much more to her than the work itself, as she dislikes her job. This statement fits most closely
with this theory:
a. attachment theory
b. Blustein’s relational theory of working
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c. Roe’s theory
d. Phillips’s theory
397. The concept of disengagement is described differently by these two theories.
a. family systems and Holland
b. family systems and Super
c. social cognitive and Holland
d. social cognitive and Super
398. Susan wants to be a machinist, but is concerned because all of her brothers and sisters have at least a
bachelor’s degree. Her counselor used a (an) to help her discuss her aspirations as they compare
to those of her siblings.
a. decision tree
b. genogram
c. interest inventory
d. sequential decision making plan
399. Parent-child career interaction theorists study
a. early childhood attachment patterns.
b. parents’ attitudes towards their children.
c. videotaped conversations between parents and their children.
d. family genograms at various points in time.
400. A diagram of family relationships is called a
a. career-o-gram.
b. genogram.
c. telegram.
d. zen-o-gram.
401. The genogram is associated with this approach.
a. attachment theory
b. family therapy
c. parent-child interaction therapy
d. Roe’s personality development
402. Studying the effect of relationships with other people on the career development of individuals is the
focus of
a. attachment theory.
b. family therapy.
c. Phillips’s developmental relational model.
d. Roe’s personality development theory.
403. Which of the following is a major theme of Philips’s developmental relational career development
model?
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a. Actions of Others
b. Actions of Parents
c. Actions of Self
d. Actions of Employers
404. Which of the following is a major theme of Phillips’s developmental relational career development
model?
a. Other Centeredness
b. Other Directedness
c. Self Centeredness
d. Self Directedness
405. Phillips and her colleagues have examined career decision-making as it relates to
a. attachment to parents.
b. conventional thinking.
c. actions of others.
d. specifying.
406. According to Phillips’s developmental career relational model, the Actions of Others range from
a. confident independence to insecure use of others.
b. information provided to seeking information about self.
c. non-active support to criticism.
d. unsuccessful recruitment to weighing options.
407. Blair has friends in the theater industry and has given Stevie information that would help Stevie
develop her career options. According to Phillips’s developmental career relational model, this is an
example of
a. alternatives provided.
b. criticism.
c. seeking information about self.
d. unconditional support.
408. Basel’s guidance counselor has redirected his choice to be a fashion model. According to Phillips’s
developmental career relational model, this is an example of
a. forced guidance.
b. information provided.
c. non-active support.
409 George has said: My football coach has suggested that I look for an athletic scholarship at a major
university for next year@. According to Phillips’s developmental career relational model, this is an example
of
a. forced guidance.
b. insecure use of others.
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c. push/nudge.
d. unconditional support.
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410. Jodi’s mother has told her that she can’t go to college next year, because her mother needs help in
running her restaurant. According to Phillips’s developmental career relational model, this is an example
of
a. criticism.
b. forced guidance.
c. non-active support.
d. unsuccessful recruitment.
411. Dalia has impressed her guidance counselor with her thoughtful approach to career decision-making.
According to Phillips’s developmental career relational model, this is an example of
a. cautious directedness.
b. false confidence.
c. forced guidance.
d. a systematic approach.
412. Caregiving in the workplace is an emphasis of this theory:
a. attachment theory
b. Blustein’s relational theory of working
c. family therapy
d. Phillips’s theory
413. Blustein’s relational theory of working shows how relationships can provide individuals
a. a way to get promoted to a new position.
b. a means to network with others.
c. a way to find others to substitute for you when you need to miss work.
d. a feeling of self worth.
414. Blustein’s theory looks at relationships at work as
a. providing an opportunity for advancement.
b. a way to learn to tolerate poor working conditions.
c. a means of providing occupational information.
d. of utmost importance
415. In the study of the importance of relationships, the area of study that has done the most research in
different countries is
a. attachment theory.
b. parent-child interaction theory.
c. Blustein’s relational theory of working.
d. Phillips’s developmental relationship model.
416. The concept of unconditional support in career decision making is associated with this theory.
a. attachment theory.
b. family therapy.
c. Phillips’s developmental relational model.
d. Roe’s personality development theory.
417. Using others as a sounding board in career decision-making is associated with this approach.
a. Gottfredson’s theory.
b. Blustein’s relational theory of working.
c. narrative career counseling
d. Phillips’s developmental relationship model.