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CHAPTER 11
CONSTRUCTIVIST AND NARRATIVE APPROACHES TO CAREER DEVELOPMENT
338. Constructivism refers to
a. emphasizing scientific proof.
b. perception of one’s own reality.
c. methods for providing positive feedback to clients.
d. standards for entering construction trades.
339. Objective reality is important to
a. modernists.
b. postmodernists.
c. constructivists.
d. all of these.
340. According to Savickas, life designing includes
a. deconstructing
b. modernism.
c. wavering
d. structuring
341. For constructivist career counselors, career counseling should focus on
a. early childhood development.
b. career as a way of providing meaning in life
c. interests, abilities, values, and personality.
d. occupational information.
342. Social construction refers to
a. a school of philosophy.
b. the view that all answers are correct.
c. how interactions with others affects peoples’ view of their world.
d. circumscription and compromise.
343. In constructivist counseling
a. counselors examine how their clients derive meaning form interaction with others.
b. the choice of an occupation is carefully constructed one step at a time.
c. there is an emphasis on rational decision making.
d. universal constructs apply to culturally diverse populations.
344. In using a vocational card sort, a counselor using personal narrative career counseling would be likely
to
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a. compute percent of Aaccepts@, Amaybes@, and Arejects@ cards.
b. give clients occupational information on Aaccepts@ cards.
c. inquire about reasons clients have for accepting cards.
d. total results from an interest inventory and combine them with results from a card sort.
345. Viewing a client’s career as a story is associated with
a. attachment theory.
b. Holland’s typological theory.
c. narrative career counseling.
d. personal construct career counseling.
346. Narrative career counselors are likely to view the client’s career as a
a. comic book
b. magazine.
c. novel.
d. poem.
347. In narrative career counseling, the client is seen as a (an)
a. agent.
b. counselor.
c. patient.
d. poet.
348. According to Savickas, micronarratives are used in the____________ phase of constructivist
counseling.
a. constructing
b. deconstructing
c. intuiting
d. wavering
349. In narrative career counseling, which of the following would not be considered an instrument?
a. family
b. friends
c. one’s abilities
d. the counselor’s office
350. Terms such as protagonist and action are associated with
a. attachment theory.
b. Holland’s typological theory.
c. narrative career counseling.
d. personal construct career counseling
351. In narrative career counseling, Awavering@ is seen as
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a. an opportunity to find meaning in one’s career path.
b. a hindrance to making good career decisions.
c. a means of combining observational and instrumental learning.
d. an opportunity to develop one’s sense of career self-efficacy.
352. In narrative counseling, a counselor serves a role somewhat like that of a (an)
a. coach.
b. editor.
c. mentor.
d. physician.
353. In narrative career counseling, the client serves as the
a. antagonist.
b. instrument.
c. novel.
d. protagonist.
354. In narrative counseling, when the client tells how she encounters and deals with obstacles, this is a
signal that the client is describing the __________ of the story.
a. beginning
b. middle
c. end
d. convergences
355. Which of the following is NOT a focus of Cochran’s narrative career counseling?
a. crystallizing
b. constructing a reality
c. following career decision making procedures
d. making meaning out of a story of the client’s career
356. The first step in Cochran’s narrative career counseling is
a. changing a life structure.
b. crystallizing a decision.
c. elaborating a career problem.
d. enacting a role.
357. In Cochran’s counseling, when the gap between the client’s problem and possible solutions diminish
significantly then ___________ is said to have taken place.
a. composing a life history.
b. constructing a reality.
c. crystallizing a career decision.
d. elaborating a career problem.
358. Using drawing and anecdotes are techniques associated with
a. narrative career counseling.
b. Savickas’s social constructionist career counseling.
c. social cognitive career counseling.
d. trait and factor counseling
359. Betsy and her counselor compose a detailed life history in the process of her career counseling. Which
type of career counseling is most likely to do this?
a. social cognitive career theory
b. trait and factor counseling
c. narrative career counseling.
d. work adjustment theory
360. In narrative career counseling, clients are encouraged to
a. classify occupational information.
b. discuss occupational information with parents.
c. experience occupational information by interviewing workers, visiting work sites, and volunteering.
d. read information about occupations that corresponds with their interests and later read information about
occupations that correspond with their abilities.
361. A problem with cultural narratives in narrative career counseling is that they
a. are not current and may not apply well to individuals.
b. are biased in favor of Caucasian males.
c. overemphasize the role of action in society.
d. are too repetitive and of little use in individual counseling.
362. Which of these theories is used in Savickas’s career construction theory?
a. Holland’s
b. Myers-Briggs’s
c. Krumboltz’s social learning theory
d. Roe’s theory
363. In Savickas’s career construction theory the client’s personality could be described as?
a. artistic, social, and enterprising
b. enmeshed
c. extraverted
d. decelerating
364. Which of the following is NOT a developmental task of career adaptability in Savickas’s career
construction theory?
a. realism
b. exploration
c. establishment
d. management
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365. Which of the following is a dimension of career adaptability in Savickas’s career construction theory?
a. consistency
b. congruence
c. control
d. crisis management
366. Which of these career theories views the client as giving meaning to career-related behavior?
a. Savickas’s career construction theory
b. Holland
c. Super
d. work adjustment theory
367. Which of these is NOT a goal of Savickas’s career construction theory?
a. understand constructs for relating to their world
b. increase one’s sense of self-efficacy
c. see values that make up their constructs
d. use typologies to determine their value and ability constructs
368. Which of these is NOT a dimension of career adaptability?
a. concern
b. control
c. congruence
d. confidence
369. Lifestyle in Savickas’s career construction theory is a theme that individuals developed when
a. four to six years old.
b. in high school.
c. after working full time for at least three years.
d. they entered the counselor’s office.
370. Elvira is participating in Savickas’s career construction counseling. Which of these counseling
techniques is she most likely to encounter?
a. life chapters
b. early recollections
c. genograms
d. simulation
371. In Savickas’s career construction theory attention is paid in determining lifestyle to?
a. scores on the Myers-Briggs inventory
b. the five major life tasks
c. instrumental and observational learning
d. ability and value patterns
372. Savickas’s career construction theory uses the Career Style Interview which can be described best as
a(an)
a. multiple choice test.
b. essay examination.
c. structured interview.
d. unstructured interview.
373. Which of the following is NOT used in the Career Style Interview in Savickas’s career construction
theory:
a. early recollections
b. favorite sayings
c. questions about hobbies
d. planned happenstance instructions.
374. In Savickas’s career construction theory, when conducting a Career Style Interview attention is paid
to verbs because they denote:
a. intelligence
b. interests
c. movement or direction
d. values
375. A goal of Savickas’s career construction theory is for the counselor to produce verbal and written
_____________________________ which are presented to clients that form the basis for further career
exploration.
a. early recollections
b. role model summaries
c. life portraits
d. preoccupation to occupation summaries
