Course Pre-Assessment CH 11
Williams Effective Management 6e
TRUE/FALSE
1. In general, extrinsic rewards are more important to workers than intrinsic rewards.
2. According to equity theory, it is objective reality, rather than employee perceptions, that determines
employee motivation.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. On the basis of research evidence, the two basic needs categories are:
a.
tangible and intangible needs
b.
physiological and psychological needs
c.
higher-order and lower-order needs
d.
extrinsic and intrinsic needs
e.
realized and unrealized needs
2. Which of the following is a basic component of equity theory?
a.
valences
b.
reinforcement
c.
referents
d.
instrumentality
e.
expectancy
3. The two basic kinds of inequity are:
a.
performance and situational inequities
b.
underreward and overreward
c.
balanced and unbalanced rewards
d.
intrinsic and extrinsic inequities
e.
higher-order and lower-order inequities
4. In equity theory, ____ refers to the fairness of the process used to make reward allocation decisions.
a.
process objectivity
b.
procedural justice
c.
conventional wisdom
d.
altruism
e.
distributive justice
5. According to the expectancy theory, ____ affect the conscious choices that people make about their
motivation.
a.
equity, value-added, and instrumentality
b.
valence, expectancy, and instrumentality
c.
expectancy, reinforcement, and instrumentality
d.
instrumentality, equity, and expectancy
e.
expectancy, equity, and reinforcement
6. To use expectancy theory to motivate employees, managers can
a.
assign specific, challenging goals
b.
make all rewards equal in value
c.
avoid overreward and underreward
d.
avoid the use of empowerment
e.
systematically gather information to find out what employees want from their jobs
7. The primary ways for creating reinforcement contingencies in organizations are:
a.
extrinsic rewards and the schedules of reinforcement
b.
extrinsic and intrinsic rewards
c.
perceptions of equity and reward desirability
d.
situational motivators
e.
higher-order needs and organizational structure
8. ____ strengthen behavior (i.e., increase its frequency).
a.
Positive and negative reinforcement
b.
Negative reinforcement and extinction
c.
Positive reinforcement and extinction
d.
Negative reinforcement, positive reinforcement, and punishment
e.
Negative reinforcement, positive reinforcement, extinction, and punishment
9. In a(n) ____ reinforcement schedule, a consequence follows every instance of a behavior.
a.
continuous
b.
intermittent
c.
variable interval
d.
fixed ratio
e.
variable ratio
10. Goal acceptance is most similar to the idea of:
a.
goal congruity
b.
goal commitment
c.
goal valence
d.
goal expectancy
e.
groupthink
11. Which of the following statements about goal-setting theory is true?
a.
Feedback should not be specific.
b.
Goals should be specific, measurable, attainable, and generalized.
c.
Workers do not have to truly accept organizational goals for goal-setting theory to be
motivational.
d.
Goals can energize behavior.
e.
None of the above statements about goal-setting theory is true.