16. Erik
Erikson’s
first stage of
development is:
a. b.
c. d.
17. Superhero fantasy play is an example of:
a. parallel play b. associative play
c. symbolic play d. onlooker play
18. Three– and four–year-olds, who typically play with other children in minimally organized groups, dropping in and
out of play, are engaged in:
a. parallel play b. associative play
c. cooperative play d. onlooker play
19. “What would I see if I were at the child’s level?” is a question a teacher might ask when she/he is considering which
component of developmentally appropriate practice?
a. social and cultural context b. individual appropriateness
c. knowledge of development d. knowledge of learning
20. Lev Vygotsky labeled the difference between what a child can do on her own with what she can do with help as:
a. the sensorimotor stage b. the zone of proximal development
c. role diffusion d. equilibrium
21. Continuing research refines insight into brain development, including the understanding that there are:
a. few opportunities for learning language after age four
b. growth spurts only during adolescence
c. developmental periods of dramatic brain growth during early childhood and adolescence
d. growth spurts only during early childhood
22. A child’s growing ability to exercise control over physical and
emotional
needs in the face of
changing
circumstances is known as:
a. self–regulation b. self–esteem
c. self–help skills d. self-concept
23. Why are the preschool years viewed as “special” in a child’s learning and development?
24. The type of teaching that Vygotsky calls scaffolding involves the teacher doing what?
25. How does Piaget explain learning, or change in behavior, in young children?
26. What are Parten’s six developmental stages of play?
27. What skills do 4 and 5 year olds need to develop in order to make friends?
28. Why is it important to form partnerships with families?
29. A theory refers to a systematic statement of principles and beliefs created to explain a phenomenon or group of
facts that have been repeatedly tested or are widely accepted. “The foundation for all curricula is developmental
theory or beliefs about how children develop and learn. These beliefs guide our view of teaching and supporting
children as learners” (Catron & Allen, 2008).
With this statement in mind:
a. identify at least three theorists and the name of their theories that you learned about in Chapter One;
b. describe in detail at least two terms associated with their theories; and
c. explain how their theories might influence decision–making in early childhood classrooms.
30. “Teachers have a responsibility to help children develop in their use of play.” Defend this statement with information
learned from Chapter 1.
