The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services advises
A)exclusive breastfeeding for the first 2 years.
B)exclusive breastfeeding for the first 3 months.
C)inclusion of breast milk in the baby’s diet until at least 1 year.
D)weaning from breast milk by age 6 months.
Javier’s father works together with him in a coordinated, fluid way. Each focuses on the
same aspect of a problem. Javier’s father prefers a(n) __________ style of communication.
A)collaborative
B)hierarchical
C)abstract
D)authoritarian
In the information-processing system, the central executive
A)is the conscious, reflective part of the mental system.
B)collaborates with long-term memory to direct problem solving and reasoning.
C)is where sights and sounds are represented directly and stored briefly.
D)is a special part of the long-term memory that manages complex activities.
Child-invented games usually rely on
A)complex physical skills.
B)a sizable element of luck.
C)social problem-solving skills.
D)an element of physical risk-taking.
Crying usually peaks at about
A)6 weeks.
B)12 weeks.
C)6 months.
D)18 months.
Higher pubertal hormone levels are __________ linked to __________ moodiness.
A)strongly; greater
B)strongly; lesser
C)modestly; greater
D)modestly; lesser
Sleep rebound on weekends
A)helps teenagers perform better in school during the weekdays.
B)substantially compensates for sleep loss during the weekdays.
C)can lead to difficulty falling asleep on subsequent evenings.
D)is directly related to the extent of the sleep “phase delay.”
About one-third of U.S. children with chronic illnesses have
A)diabetes.
B)cystic fibrosis.
C)sickle cell anemia.
D)asthma.
Which of the following statements about the “digital divide” is true?
A)Girls are more likely than boys to use screen media to download music and for social
communication.
B)Low-SES children devote more time to Internet use than their higher-SES counterparts.
C)Boys are more likely than girls to engage in writing computer programs and creating
Web pages.
D)Overall, girls spend more time with screen media than boys.
One strategy that has been quite effective in preventing child abuse is to
A)teach child development in the regular high school curriculum.
B)provide home visitation with a cognitive problem-solving component.
C)arrest child abusers and make sure they serve long sentences.
D)remove children from abusive homes.
Secretions of particular __________ are related to social and emotional adjustment.
A)gray matter
B)neurotransmitters
C)synapses
D)growth hormones
In the Strange Situation, Antwan ignores his mother and displays and odd, frozen posture.
He does not cry when his mother leaves the room. When she returns, Antwan looks away
when she is holding him. Antwan is displaying characteristics of __________ attachment.
A)insecure-avoidant
B)secure
C)disorganized/disoriented
D)insecure-resistant
Sheldon, age 1, will most likely display a __________ smile for a friendly stranger.
A)sustained, wide
B)broad, “cheek-raised”
C)reserved, muted
D)”mouth-open”
According to Vygotsky, children master activities through
A)joint activities with more mature members of their society.
B)interaction with the physical environment.
C)operant conditioning and modeling.
D)a complicated system of trial and error.
Carriers of the sickle cell allele
A)often do not display symptoms until after they have passed the gene on to their children.
B)can be treated during infancy if placed on a diet that is low in phenylalanine.
C)are more resistant to malaria than are individuals with two alleles for normal red blood
cells.
D)develop sickle-shaped red blood cells that cause degeneration of the nervous systems.
In response to the “Heinz dilemma,” Jolene explains, “If Heinz cares at all about what his
family thinks of him, he won’t let his wife die. He’d be a disgrace to his family’s name.”
Jolene is in which of Kohlberg’s stages?
A)punishment and obedience orientation
B)instrumental purpose orientation
C)”good boy-good girl” orientation
D)social-order-maintaining orientation
Research indicates that when solving causal-experimental tasks and quantitative-relational
tasks, adolescents
A)master component skills in no particular order.
B)fail to formulate and test the appropriate hypotheses.
C)construct a general model that they can apply to many instances of a given type of
problem.
D)formulate appropriate hypotheses but have difficulty applying effective strategies.
Professor Spinner wanted to compare how children from different family environments
made friends at school. He carefully chose participants to ensure that their characteristics
were as much alike as possible. Professor Spinner observed the participants in the school
setting. Professor Spinner used
A)a laboratory experiment.
B)random assignment.
C)a natural, or quasi-, experiment.
D)a correlational design.
Twin studies of __________ generally yield high heritabilities, whereas the role of
heredity in __________ is less strong.
A)bipolar disorder; autism
B)schizophrenia; bipolar disorder
C)Down syndrome; schizophrenia
D)autism; major depression
Prya has classically conditioned young Raj to suck when Prya touches Raj’s stomach
during feeding. If Prya repeatedly touches Raj’s stomach without feeding him, Raj will
A)gradually stop sucking in response to having his stomach touched.
B)learn to suck without having his stomach touched.
C)stop eating until Prim touches his stomach and feeds him again.
D)increase his level of sucking in response to having his stomach touched.