Which of the following resources is known to foster resilience in middle childhood?
A)strict parental discipline
B)maternal employment
C)extracurricular school activities
D)teachers who emphasize achievement
Which of the following is a reason why attempts to help children and youths have been
difficult to realize in the United States?
A)Public policies aimed at fostering children’s development have failed in other Western
countries.
B)The interdependent nature of U.S. citizens has made government hesitant to become
involved in family matters.
C)Children remain unrecognized in the process because they cannot vote or speak out to
protect their own interests.
D)Public policies aimed at fostering children’s development do not yield valuable returns.
When a researcher directly controls or manipulates changes in the independent variable by
exposing participants to the treatment conditions,
A)she is conducting a correlational study.
B)cause-and-effect relationships can be detected.
C)the correlational coefficient should be zero.
D)she is using a technique called matching.
Which of the following statements about the application of Vygotsy’s ideas to infancy and
toddlerhood is true?
A)Vygotsky failed to recognize the significance of social experiences for children under
the age of 5.
B)Fine-tuned adult support during infancy and toddlerhood is related to advanced problem
solving during the second year.
C)Cultural variations in social experiences rarely affect mental strategies until children
reach school age.
D)While scaffolding promotes learning in the preschool years, it seems to inhibit learning
in infancy and toddlerhood.
Which of the following statements about body proportions during puberty is true?
A)Boys’ hips broaden relative to the waist.
B)Girls’ shoulders broaden relative to the hips.
C)Girls’ hips broaden relative to the shoulders.
D)Girls’ legs become longer in relation to the rest of the body.
Which of the following statements about nutrition in the United States is true?
A)By the school years, low-SES U.S. children are, on average, about ½ to 1 inch shorter
than their economically advantaged counterparts.
B)Unlike children in developing countries, few children in the United States lack access to
sufficient high-quality food to support healthy growth.
C)Because food products in the United States are vitamin fortified, children no longer
suffer from vitamin A, calcium, zinc, or vitamin C deficiencies.
D)Parents who restrict their preschool children’s eating decrease the likelihood that the
children will be overweight or obese in adolescence.
As long as negative environmental influences such as poor nutrition or illness are not
severe,
A)children and adolescents typically show catch-up growth once conditions improve.
B)adopted children typically reach a height closer to their adoptive than biological parents’
heights.
C)body weight is more acutely influenced by eating habits rather than heredity.
D)height and rate of physical growth are largely determined by the environment.
Which of the following is an activity associated with experience-expectant brain growth?
A)coloring a picture
B)playing peekaboo
C)learning to ride a bike
D)playing the piano
Three-year-old Stacy pretends to make a grocery list while in the car on the way to the
grocery store. This activity reflects Stacy’s
A)emergent literacy.
B)animistic thinking.
C)private speech.
D)phonological awareness.
Dr. Kirk wants to study sibling relationships at differing ages. Dr. Kirk has children with
one or more siblings in grades 3, 6, 9, and 12 complete his questionnaire. This is an
example of a __________ study.
A)cross-sectional
B)longitudinal
C)microgenetic
D)sequential
Frequent media multitaskers have a harder time
A)utilizing implicit memory.
B)focusing on more than one task at a time.
C)filtering out irrelevant stimuli when they are not multitasking.
D)shifting attention from one task to another.