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The Homo floresiensis specimen:
a. had a small brain due to a pathology.
b. lived about 20,000 yBP.
c. is the result of genetic drift.
d. fits Allen's rule in body proportions.
Human populations living in areas of endemic malaria have a selective advantage if
they carry:
a. the allele for sickle-cell anemia.
b. the H2 haplotype.
c. the D32 mutation.
d. smallpox.
In the context of physical anthropology a disadvantaged social environment includes:
a. one with minimal access to technology.
b. one with no transportation system.
c. one with poor-quality nutrition.
d. one with poor hygiene.
The Homo erectus fossil from Sangiran, Java, dates to:
a. 800,000 yBP.
b. 1.2"1.0 mya.
c. 1.8"1.6 mya.
d. 2.2"2.0 mya.
To increase humans' chances of hunting success:
a. hunting was led by females.
b. hunting was conducted with lithic tools and cooperative strategies.
c. hunting was always well planned with a diagram.
d. hunting strategies were developed to include children as bait.
Darwinian evolution proposes that:
a. species adapt and change over time based on the environment.
b. an individual can change within its own lifetime.
c. species adapt based on individual goals.
d. individuals determine their own biological adaptation.
Broken Hill, Dali, and Atapuerca are sites where specimens of _________ have been
discovered.
a. Homo erectus
b. modern Homo sapiens
c. archaic Homo sapiens
d. Neandertals
The geneticist who studied the workings of fruit flies' chromosomes was:
a. Charles Darwin.
b. Gregor Mendel.
c. Thomas Hunt Morgan.
d. Thomas Huxley.
The hypothesis that the origin of human bipedalism was linked to a shift from life in the
trees to life on the ground in the grasslands of Africa:
a. has been upheld by subsequent scientific data on human origins.
b. was developed in consultation with genetic and fossil evidence.
c. has been rejected recently subsequent to new fossil evidence.
d. has become a scientific law.
DNA replication produces:
a. four identical daughter cells.
b. two identical daughter cells.
c. two single strands of DNA.
d. none of the above
In East Africa robust australopithecines are also called:
a. Orrorin.
b. Sahelanthropus.
c. Gigantopithecus.
d. Paranthropus.
The typical catarrhine dental formula is:
a. 1 / 1 / 2 / 3.
b. 2 / 1 / 3 / 3.
c. 2 / 1 / 2 / 3.
d. 3 / 1 / 2 / 3.
Why are Darwin's finches considered good examples of natural selection?
a. They are found on every continent.
b. They originated in North America, according to fossil evidence.
c. They embody the idea of descent with modification.
d. They did not differ between populations.
The long limb measurements of Turkana pastoralists indicate that:
a. the population is on the continuum of variation observed in Allen's rule.
b. the population represents the variability that results from Wolff's law of skeletal
replacement.
c. the population has body proportions that are not well adapted to warmer climates.
d. the population is well adapted for life at high latitudes, as Allen's rule predicts for
pastoralist populations.
James Hutton:
a. extensively studied fossils.
b. revealed that fossils would provide the history of past life.
c. created the first scientific classification of plants and animals.
d. provided geologic evidence necessary for calculating the time span of evolution.
The Laetoli footprints demonstrate that the foot of Australopithecus afarensiswas
humanlike in having:
a. a rounded heel.
b. a nondivergent big toe.
c. a double arch.
d. all of the above
Homo erectus skull morphology includes:
a. a long, low, wide base.
b. thick bones.
c. large browridges.
d. all of the above
The archaeological record suggests that farming began in southeastern Turkey by:
a. 6,000 yBP.
b. 4,000 yBP.
c. 1,500 yBP.
d. 10,500 yBP.
Electron spin resonance dating can provide dates when used on which type of material?
a. wood
b. shells
c. teeth
d. stone
During your lab you are asked to identify the pathological feature of spongy bone
invading the eye socket that occurs in the interior upper surface of the eye sockets and
to diagnose the condition as:
a. porotic hyperostosis, resulting from iron-deficiency anemia.
b. periosteal reaction, resulting from changes in diet.
c. ameloblasts, resulting from changes in diet and parasitic infection.
d. cribra orbitalia, resulting from iron-deficiency anemia or parasitic infection.
Extreme anemia can lead to:
a. cancer.
b. porotic hyperostosis.
c. heart disease.
d. measles.
Robust australopithecines were extinct by:
a. 1 mya.
b. 3 mya.
c. 4 mya.
d. their lineage continued
Australopithecus garhihas been proposed as an ancestor for Homomainly because:
a. it had a bigger brain than other australopithecines.
b. it had smaller molar teeth than other australopithecines.
c. it had longer legs relative to arm length than other australopithecines.
d. it was bipedal.
The northern African fossil primate called Biretia may be an early anthropoid, based on
the morphology of its:
a. ankle.
b. skull.
c. lower premolar tooth.
d. pelvis.
Apes went extinct in southern Europe (including France, Spain, Italy, and Greece)
during the late Miocene, probably as a result of:
a. a meteor impact.
b. a disease pandemic.
c. climate change.
d. early humans hunting them for food.
Human activities that have contributed to greenhouse gases include:
a. burning of fossil fuels.
b. use of solar power.
c. deforestation.
d. both a. and c.
The first evidence of modern human traits, including increasing brain size and
dependence on material culture shows up in:
a. Homo erectus.
b. Homo sapiens.
c. Homo neanderthalensis.
d. Homo habilis.
Brachiation refers to
a. using the forelimbs to move from tree limb to tree limb.
b. quadrupedal locomotion including the use of a tail.
c. clinging and leaping locomotion in an arboreal environment.
d. bipedality in nonhumans.
The postnatal stage of adolescence includes:
a. stability in physiology, behavior, and cognition.
b. decline in function of tissue and many organs.
c. eruption of dentition and increased brain growth.
d. development of secondary sex characteristics and interest in adult social, sexual, and
economic behaviors.
Human beings first arrived in the Americas approximately:
a. 50,000 yBP.
b. 25,000 yBP.
c. 15,000 yBP.
d. 5,000 yBP.
Over a period of two generations, the frequency of green dung beetles in a population
shifts from 75% to 71% while the frequency of brown dung beetles within this
population shifts from 25% to 29%. This is an example of:
a. minievolution.
b. microevolution.
c. millievolution.
d. nanoevolution.
How do primates communicate?
a. through a system of adaptation that varies among social groups
b. through the use of symbols
c. through speech learned from primatologists
d. through vocalizations that serve a range of functions and contexts
The foundational behavior of Hominini was:
a. hunting.
b. tool use.
c. bipedalism.
d. speech.
Franz Boas:
a. had an early influence on Darwin's theory of natural selection.
b. considered environment and biology insignificant in the study of human cultures.
c. never conducted his own fieldwork, curiously.
d. united the study of culture, language, and biology within American anthropology.
The most distinctive traits about the cold adaptation complex of Neandertals are:
a. the suprainiac fossa and globular shape of the skull.
b. thick bones and extra muscles.
c. the body and the length of the arms and legs.
d. the retromolar space and heavy wearing on the teeth.
