When geneticists talk about the gene pool, they refer specifically to variation at a
genetic
a. chromosome.
b. nucleus.
c. address.
d. locus.
Solitary primates and those in small groups suffer higher rates of predation by what
predator compared to those living in large groups?
a. large reptiles
b. large cats
c. eagles
d. snakes
Physical anthropology does not include
a. archaeology.
b. linguistics.
c. forensics.
d. genetics.
Altruistic behavior occurs under which of the following circumstances?
a. when both individuals benefit from the behavior
b. when the benefit to one individual outweighs the risk to the other
c. when the risk to the group is low
d. when the risk to the group is high
Somatic cells are characterized by all of the following except
a. each includes a nucleus.
b. they are used in multiple tissues throughout the body.
c. each contains half a copy of an organism’s DNA.
d. each contains a complete copy of all of an organism’s DNA.
Altruistic behaviors include all of the following except
a. antipredator warning calls.
b. grooming.
c. dominance behavior.
d. food sharing.
How is the concept of catastrophism different from the concept of uniformitarianism?
a. Catastrophism is the idea that the shape of the earth’s surface gradually shifts over
time.
b. Catastrophism is only the result of human-induced changes.
c. Catastrophism is the idea that geologic changes are the result of single cataclysmic
events.
d. None of the above.
The individual genotypes in a breeding population, taken as a whole, are the
a. gene pool.
b. DNA.
c. genome.
d. polygene.
R. C. Lewontin found that human “races” have no taxonomic significance. He
demonstrated this
a. through research indicating that most genetic variation is found among human races.
b. through research indicating that most genetic variation is found across human
populations.
c. through the examination of variation in multiple human skull characteristics.
d. through research that examined genetic diversity across different species of
mammals.
The Laetoli site, in Tanzania, is most famous for
a. the discovery of “Lucy.”
b. preserving fossil hominid footprints.
c. huge caches of stone tools.
d. a collection of robust australopithecine fossils.
Linnaeus’s taxonomic system is referred to as a “hierarchy” because
a. each species has a “higher level” genus and “lower level” species.
b. species are placed in a ranked list called “The Great Chain of Being.”
c. humans are considered the most evolved species.
d. none of the above.
Polyandrous residence patterns
a. represent a social grouping that includes multiple adult males and females.
b. are commonly observed in prosimians and Old World monkeys.
c. represent a social grouping in which males cooperate in parenting activities.
d. represent a social grouping that includes one male and multiple females.
Chimpanzee material culture dates to
a. 4,000″5,000 yBP.
b. 10,000″12,000 yBP.
c. 50,000″60,000 yBP.
d. chimpanzees do not have material culture.
The skeleton of most Miocene apes was more similar to which of the following?
a. living apes
b. living monkeys
c. living prosimians
d. living tree shrews
Human beings first arrived in the Americas approximately
a. 50,000 yBP.
b. 25,000 yBP.
c. 15,000 yBP.
d. 5,000 yBP.
Which physical trait characterized Homo erectus as compared to earlier hominids?
a. bigger brains
b. shorter legs
c. larger canines
d. longer arms
Global studies on human thermoregulation have revealed
a. populations adapted to hot climates have more efficient reactions to heat stress.
b. populations living in hot climates have more sweat glands.
c. populations living in hot climates have less body hair.
d. a and b only.
Your professor passes around a skull and tells you that you can tell this individual lived
after hominids began making and using tools for food processing. How can you tell?
a. striations on the teeth
b. pitting in the mandible
c. presence of a chin
d. a nonhoning canine
Sexual dimorphism in body size is greater in societies where
a. females compete for access to males.
b. males compete for access to females.
c. there is a monogamous mating pattern.
d. males do not compete for access to females.
The rhinarium is present in
a. baboons.
b. gorillas.
c. ring-tailed lemurs.
d. howler monkeys.
The mutation known as trisomy 21, in which an extra copy of chromosome 21 is
present, is more commonly known as
a. Turner syndrome.
b. Down syndrome.
c. Klinefelter’s syndrome.
d. Williams syndrome.
Which of the evolutionary forces is most likely to decrease variation between
populations?
a. gene flow
b. founder effect
c. mutation
d. natural selection
A genetic study conducted over multiple generations found that the frequency of
genotypes in the first generation were AA: 0.36, Aa: 0.48, aa: 0.16. In the second
generation, genotype frequencies shifted to AA: 0.16, Aa: 0.48, aa: 0.36. According to
the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, we can assume
a. random mating has altered gene frequencies.
b. gene flow has possibly shifted the gene frequencies.
c. mating in this population must be nonrandom mating.
d. both b and c.
________ is a fist-like grip in which the fingers and thumbs wrap around an object in
opposite directions.
a. Hammer grip
b. Knitting grip
c. Power grip
d. Precision grip
The gene responsible for lactose persistence among adults in Europe is a
a. structural gene.
b. dominant gene.
c. regulatory gene.
d. Hox gene.
Australopithecus garhi has been proposed as an ancestor for Homo mainly because
a. it had a bigger brain than other australopithecines.
b. it had smaller molar teeth than other australopithecines.
c. it had longer legs relative to arm length than other australopithecines.
d. it was bipedal.
Which type of plants is associated with open grasslands typical of tropical savannas?
a. C3 plants
b. 18O plants
c. C4 plants
d. none of the above
The earliest well-dated remains of a modern-looking human in East Asia comes in the
form of a 41,000-year-old partial skeleton from
a. Tianyuan Cave, China.
b. Zhoukoudian, China.
c. Ngandong, Java.
d. Liang Bua, Flores.
Researchers have shown that male primates most often compete for mates while female
primates compete for other resources. This illustrates
a. that reproduction places different demands on males and females in terms of energy
expenditures, resulting in varying reproductive strategies.
b. that reproduction has similar energetic demands for both sexes, so males and females
respond accordingly.
c. that primates do not vary in their ability to respond to differing energetic
requirements.
d. none of the above.
Familial hypercholesterolemia, an autosomal dominant disease, is five times more
frequent in the Afrikaner population of South Africa than in the population of Europe or
the United States. This represents an example of
a. natural selection.
b. bottle neck.
c. founder effect.
d. kin selection.
Which of the following are prosimians?
a. baboons
b. gibbons
c. lemurs
d. tamarins
Two contemporaneous species, such as Homo erectus and Australopithecus robustus,
are likely to vary in dental, anatomical, and ecological characteristics because
a. two similar species cannot fill similar ecological roles (niches) at the same time.
b. different ecological or dietary adaptations result in the success of each species.
c. if they had all of the same characteristics, they would likely be classified as the same
genus and species.
d. both a and b.
Australopithecus (Kenyanthropus) platyops is distinct from contemporary
Australopithecus afarensis in having
a. a much larger body size.
b. greater cranial capacity.
c. a flatter face.
d. bigger molar teeth.
The postnatal stage in humans consists of
a. the neonatal period.
b. the neonatal period through the end of lactation.
c. infancy, childhood, juvenile period, puberty, adolescence, and adulthood.
d. the neonatal period, infancy, juvenile period, puberty, and adolescence.