Most neglected children
A)report feeling especially lonely compared to others.
B)are just as socially skilled as average children.
C)have poor cooperation skills and tend to lash out.
D)report feeling unhappy about their social life.
Drawing on cross-cultural research on attachment, which of the following infants is most
likely to display an insecure-avoidant attachment?
A)Gretchen, who is from Germany
B)Yuri, who is from Japan
C)Darius, who is from the United States
D)Sascha, who is from an Israeli kibbutz
Piaget acknowledged language’s importance in adolescence, as formal operations require
A)adolescents to cast aside abstract thinking and focus on aspects of the problem that are
grounded in reality.
B)adolescents to be able to explain in great detail and justify their methods of how they
arrived at the solution for a problem.
C)language-based and other symbolic systems that do not stand for real things, such as
those in higher mathematics.
D)improvements to adolescents’ ability to monitor, evaluate, and redirect their thinking.
Which of the following statements regarding vocational preparation of non-college-bound
adolescents is true?
A)The United States offers a widespread training system to help prepare youths for manual
trades.
B)American employers regard recent high school graduates as well-prepared for skilled
business and industrial occupations.
C)Eighty percent of non-college-bound U.S. adolescents receive vocational training before
graduating from high school.
D)Teenagers’ employment opportunities are generally limited to menial tasks that do little
to extend their knowledge or skills.
Vygotsky regarded make-believe play as
A)a means of enhancing animistic thinking.
B)the ideal social context for fostering cognitive development.
C)instrumental to fostering independent discovery learning.
D)opportunities to practice representational schemes.
Studies show that children prefer infant-directed speech (IDS) over other kinds of adult
talk
A)from birth on.
B)by 3 months.
C)by 6 months.
D)by 12 months.
When shown a LEGO structure made to look like a crayon, 3-year-old Astrid said that the
object “really and truly” was a crayon. Astrid is having trouble with
A)class inclusion.
B)hierarchical classification.
C)the appearance-reality distinction.
D)conservation.
When children are threatened, criticized, and punished excessively by adults, they
A)renew their efforts to master new tasks.
B)feel too much guilt and their exuberant play breaks down.
C)lose the ability to form a sense of morality.
D)form a superego by identifying with the same-sex parent.
Most children with sex chromosome disorders
A)are aggressive and antisocial.
B)have verbal difficulties.
C)have trouble with spatial relations.
D)have very specific cognitive challenges.
Which of the following statements about the parent-child relationship in middle childhood
is true?
A)Both parents tend to devote more time to children of their own sex.
B)Mothers tend to focus on achievement-related pursuits and chores.
C)Fathers tend to focus on ensuring that children meet responsibilities for homework.
D)When both parents are present, mothers engage in more caregiving than fathers.