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Which correctly describes the attitudes of southern yeoman farmers?
A) They were staunch supporters of abolitionism even though they owned slaves.
B) They listened sympathetically to abolitionist ideas but remained neutral.
C) They paid little attention to the slave system even though it supported them.
D) They were staunch supporters of slavery even though they rarely owned slaves.
E) They were staunch supporters of slavery even though they were Christians.
Why was Andrew Jackson so influential in the mid-1800s?
A) He embodied the popular taste for democracy and social leveling.
B) He was a charismatic and kind president, fighting for the poor and disenfranchised.
C) The 1830s and 1840s represented a time in which Americans wanted to be led by a
strong leader.
D) He made political deals to gain majority support in Congress and the Supreme
Court, using the other branches to further his own agenda.
E) His political career had earned him popularity among both Whigs and Democrats.
What did the Whigs mean by "executive usurpation"?
A) Jackson had usurped the executive presidential power by abusing the Constitution in
the Nullification Crisis and Bank War.
B) Democrats had usurped the executive power by creating a corrupt bargain between
President Adams and Henry Clay.
C) Jackson was a weak president, giving in to states that usurped federal prerogatives.
D) The Whigs wanted to usurp Jackson's executive powers by winning back the
presidency.
E) They saw Adams as a tyrannical executive who had usurped the democratic powers
of the presidency.
Lincoln Steffens did much of his research and writing about ________.
A) corruption in city government
B) filth in meatpacking plants
C) monopolies
D) environmental conservation
E) unhealthy working conditions
White southerners in the 1830s began portraying free blacks as savages because they
were trying to ________.
A) justify harsher treatment of free blacks
B) drum up support for a race war
C) raise funds for militias to defend against slave uprisings
D) put social pressure on free blacks to leave the South
E) put social pressure on all blacks, both slave and free, to leave the South
Which of the following was NOT a way that the Red Scare influenced American
society?
A) Fears of radical elements within American society led to a restriction of civil
liberties as authorities sought to contain the perceived threat.
B) There was an increased sense of fear as radicals committed violent acts such as the
bombing of Attorney General Palmer's home in 1919.
C) The negative response to the Red Scare contributed to a rise in membership of the
Communist Party across the United States.
D) The Red Scare led to heightened antagonism toward foreigners and the widespread
deportation of certain groups of immigrants.
E) In certain cases, such as the Sacco and Vanzetti murder trial, the justice system was
compromised and justice did not prevail.
How did life improve for African Americans over the last few decades of the twentieth
century and the first decade of the twenty-first century?
A) The average income for African-American families increased to match that of white
families.
B) The average educational level of African Americans increased.
C) The incarceration level of African Americans dropped below the national average.
D) The poverty rate among African Americans dropped below the national average.
E) Homicide was no longer the leading cause of death among young black males.
Which of the following linked religious values to the practice of government?
A) colonial newspapers
B) the Great Awakening
C) theories of the Earl of Bute
D) ideas from the Commonwealthman
E) the works of John Locke
What was the driving force for social change that gained civil rights for African
Americans?
A) landmark court cases
B) presidential intervention
C) laws passed by Congress
D) the religious revival of the times
E) African-American activism
The Montgomery bus boycott _______.
A) moved Martin Luther King, Jr. away from his philosophy of passive resistance
B) sparked an outburst of violence against blacks all over the South
C) led to the emergence of Martin Luther King, Jr. as a civil rights leader
D) failed to change Montgomery's strict segregation laws
E) ended when President Eisenhower sent in troops to stop the boycott
What was different about the American working class of the 1830s as compared to the
American working class of the 1840s?
A) In the 1830s, most factory work was done by men, but by the 1840s, more women
and children began to work in factories.
B) In the 1830s, most men worked in factories, but by the 1840s, they worked more as
artisans as factory work decreased in general.
C) In the 1830s, the majority of male workers were farmers, but by the 1840s, most
male workers were employed in factories.
D) In the 1830s, most male workers were artisans and few worked in factories, but by
the 1840s, the proportion of male factory workers increased.
E) In the 1830s, most women and children did not work at all, but by the 1840s they
worked side by side with men in factories.
How could a territory become a state according to the Northwest Ordinance of 1787?
A) First a territory had to raise enough money to buy their land from the European
country that owned it, then the people could petition for statehood.
B) Once the people of the territory had successfully subdued the Native American
population, they could become a state.
C) Territories had to elect officials and then write Articles of Confederation in order to
become a full-fledged state.
D) Once population reached 60,000, residents could write a constitution and petition for
statehood.
E) After a period of eighteen years, territories could petition the federal government for
permission to become a state.
How did working-class families and middle-class families experience urbanization and
industrialization differently?
A) Working-class families tended to have strong family ties as a result of their urban
lives and work, whereas women and children in middle-class families tended not to
participate in the work that men did.
B) Working-class families often did not spend much time together because everyone
worked at different times, but middle-class families tended to work and socialize
together.
C) In middle-class families only the men earned money, but in working-class families,
some women did work out of the home.
D) In working-class families, more children lived with their parents into their twenties,
whereas in middle-class families children tended to leave home as soon as they got
work.
E) Working-class families tended to have fewer members of the household engaged in
work, which is what kept them in a permanent state of poverty.
Which of these was used successfully in the early 1800s to increase church
membership?
A) overseas missionary activity
B) ecumenicalism
C) revivalism
D) spiritualism
E) marketing tactics
In the early days of the Virginia Colony, which is the best description of its settlers?
A) They were about evenly divided between men and women.
B) They were well-prepared to establish a colonial outpost.
C) They preferred to search for riches rather than farm.
D) They had few troubles except for unfriendly Indians.
E) They organized a successful community government.
How was Jackson's Force Bill of 1833 connected with slavery?
A) South Carolina equated the extension of federal power with a threat to the institution
of slavery.
B) Many Northerners feared that if Southerners required the threat of force to pay tariffs
they would require physical violence to obey antislavery laws.
C) The Force Bill of 1833 surprised South Carolinians in that Jackson showed he was
willing to force abolitionist ideas on Southerners.
D) The Force Bill of 1833 required Southerners to pay tariffs on all manufactured
goods, including slaves traded from Africa and within the South.
E) The Force Bill of 1833 put a time limit not only on the slave trade but also the
institution itself.
The ________ exemplified the flowering of African-American culture in the 1920s.
A) growth of the NAACP
B) flapper era
C) Harlem Renaissance
D) expatriate community
E) "Garveyites"
On the issue of slavery, Jefferson ________.
A) politically supported the institution
B) wanted the slave trade outlawed, even though he was a slave owner
C) believed states should regulate it, wanting to keep himself out of the debate
D) wanted to repeal the "three-fifths rule" as it unfairly favored the South
E) worked behind the scenes to support the institution
What was the result of the 1895 Supreme Court case involving the E. C. Knight
Company?
A) The regulatory powers of the federal government were strengthened.
B) There was stronger regulation over manufacturing.
C) The ruling had little effect on national policy.
D) The Supreme Court strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act.
E) Antitrust legislation was weakened.
Who was largely responsible for the idea of driving cattle from Texas to railheads?
A) William Hickok
B) Joseph G. McCoy
C) Charles Goodnight
D) Henry Comstock
E) Hank Chisholm
Woodrow Wilson won the election of 1912 as a _____.
A) Republican
B) Democrat
C) Progressive
D) Socialist
E) Populist
Slave religion was typically ________.
A) the same as indigenous African religion
B) a version of Christianity shaped by African traditions
C) overseen by the established white churches
D) shaped by white evangelization
E) underdeveloped because of slaves' work schedule
Andrew Jackson killed the national bank ________.
A) by withdrawing federal deposits from it
B) through further legislation
C) through the actions of the Supreme Court
D) by letting its charter expire in 1836
E) by accusing Nicholas Biddle of treasonous acts
Why did A. Philip Randolph threaten a massive march on Washington in 1941?
A) to end racial discrimination in the defense industry
B) to bring the United States into World War II
C) to support U.S. neutrality
D) to end discrimination in federal aid programs
E) to allow women to work in wartime industries
How did Shays's Rebellion help advance Madison's plans for reform?
A) Farmers throughout the United States began supporting Madison as a way of
guaranteeing their rights.
B) Wealthy plantation owners feared slave rebellions on their own lands and wanted a
strong government to protect their interests.
C) Madison was instrumental in calming the farmers and ending the rebellion, so
people began to trust him.
D) Even Northerners were alarmed to see that African Americans could wield such
power, and looked to Madison to establish a government to protect whites.
E) People throughout the United States realized that law and order were breaking down.
Why did those who campaigned actively for ratification of the Constitution call
themselves "Federalists"?
A) The term "Nationalists" had been used during the ratification of the Articles of
Confederation and was now negatively viewed.
B) The term suggested that they stood for a confederation of states and not for a
supreme national authority.
C) They wanted the public to know that they supported strong state governments that
controlled the federal government.
D) The term "Antifederalists" was perceived as negative because of the root "anti."
E) The popular song "Federalists on the Shore" recalled the glories of the Revolutionary
War.
Which presidential candidate in 1844 ran on a platform calling for the simultaneous
annexation of Texas and assertion of American claims to all of Oregon?
A) Henry Clay
B) James K. Polk
C) Martin Van Buren
D) John Tyler
E) James G. Birney
How did early Spanish outposts in North America compare to early English
settlements?
A) There were fewer Native American groups in the Spanish outposts to threaten the
new settlers.
B) There were more natural resources in the Spanish outposts, which led to a greater
success of the first settlements there.
C) The Spanish outposts contained settlers who had migrated from many more places in
Europe than the ones in the English settlements.
D) The Spanish outposts grew more slowly due to the harsh environment and threats of
Native Americans.
E) Though they started later, the Spanish outposts eventually grew much larger and at a
faster rate.
The Loyalists were concentrated in _________.
A) remote mountainous areas
B) the Chesapeake colonies
C) the northernmost colonies
D) urban areas
E) the southernmost colonies
The author of the Declaration of Independence was ________.
A) George Washington
B) Benjamin Franklin
C) Samuel Adams
D) Patrick Henry
E) Thomas Jefferson
Why did Reagan fire air traffic controllers in the summer of 1981?
A) in retaliation for their lack of support during the 1980 election
B) in response to a record number of accidents at airport around the nation
C) in response to a strike by the air traffic controllers' union
D) to prevent the formation of an air traffic controllers' union
E) to forestall a wage increase that would threaten the balanced budget
How did Republican policies affect the wealthiest Americans?
A) Overall, the wealthiest Americans paid a higher percentage of their income in taxes.
B) Wealthy Americans faced new kinds of taxes, such as the estate tax.
C) Wealthy Americans saw their income taxes reduced significantly.
D) The wealthiest Americans became the hardest hit during the Great Depression.
E) The wealthiest Americans experienced a difficult relationship with the government.
