Why did Andrew Johnson resist the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the Fourteenth
Amendment?
A) Johnson felt that these laws did not grant equal rights to African Americans, and thus
pushed for further legislation.
B) Johnson strongly supported states’ rights and felt that these laws did not allow states
to manage their own affairs.
C) Johnson felt that by stating the rights of African Americans, state governments
would be able to exploit legal loopholes.
D) Johnson believed that his Republican supporters would never vote for him again if
he backed equal rights for African Americans.
E) Johnson knew that these laws would only encourage terrorist organizations to form
in opposition to them.
How did Black Codes seem like another form of slavery to African Americans?
A) Black Codes severely limited the legal and economic rights of African Americans.
B) Black Codes forced many African Americans to work for whites for free.
C) Black Codes made wage labor for African Americans a crime.
D) Black Codes restricted African Americans to the plantations where they had been
enslaved.
E) Black Codes encouraged whites to join the militia to attack or murder African
Americans.
The great showplace for early American industrialization was ________.
A) New York, New York
B) Boston, Massachusetts
C) Lowell, Massachusetts
D) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
E) Burlington, Vermont
For the British, French intervention meant ________.
A) a change in military strategy
B) little change in their military strategy
C) little challenge to their empire
D) a new ally in the war effort
E) fighting a two-front war, both in the colonies and in Europe
Compared with William Jennings Bryan, Robert Lansing _____.
A) was more idealistic
B) favored the German side in the war
C) urged a strong stand against the Germans
D) had little experience in foreign affairs
E) exemplified the philosophy “live and let live”
Which college was NOT established as a result of the Great Awakening?
A) Princeton
B) Columbia
C) Rutgers
D) Brown
E) Dartmouth
What was the main belief of the Radical Republicans?
A) that the process of Reconstruction should be completed quickly
B) that the South should be treated with sympathy and compassion
C) that Reconstruction policy should be initiated by the president
D) that there was an inherent equality between races
E) that southern society should be restructured before states were readmitted
In what sense did the Ashcan School reflect the work of muckrakers?
A) in the media they used
B) in their methods
C) in their subjects
D) in their interest in the West
E) in being predominantly women
The most evident feature of democracy in America to European travelers was the
________.
A) American contribution
B) decline in the spirit of deference
C) participation of women in government
D) American election process
E) equality of former slaves
What is one reason why Congress passed the Ethnic Heritage Studies Act of 1972?
A) to promote the idea of diversity as a positive force
B) to give employers the opportunity to learn about workers from different ethnic
groups
C) to provide for the inclusion of different ethnic groups as mascots for team sports
D) to educate people in the agricultural industry about the plight of farm workers
E) to add questions about ethnic heritage and history to voter literacy tests
Which group in American society greatly benefited from the passage of prohibition?
A) The upper middle class greatly benefited because they were exempt from this law.
B) Bootleggers who controlled the illegal production and sale of alcohol greatly
benefited.
C) People in rural areas who championed this “noble experiment” greatly benefited.
D) Churches greatly benefited due to the role they played in counseling alcoholics.
E) Government leaders who passed the law greatly benefited from public appreciation.
Local authorities rounded up ________ to deport them and reduce the welfare rolls.
A) African Americans
B) Mexican immigrants
C) Asian immigrants
D) Native Americans
E) European Americans
One of the bloodiest battles of the war was ________, which took place on September
17, 1862.
A) Shiloh
B) Bull Run
C) Vicksburg
D) Gettysburg
E) Antietam
By the time Europeans arrived, the Aztecs had all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A) large cities ruled by effective bureaucracies
B) tools and weapons made of iron and bronze
C) hieroglyphic writing
D) an accurate solar calendar
E) a religion that involved human sacrifice
The eighteenth-century population of the lowlands of South Carolina was ________
percent black.
A) 5
B) 10
C) 40
D) 60
E) 80
What was the center of the socioeconomic life of the Plains tribes?
A) the sun
B) grain cultivation
C) the buffalo
D) the elk
E) war
Why did some people criticize American suburban life?
A) They accused suburban families of snobbery since only the wealthy could live there.
B) They thought the houses were built with substandard materials and craftsmanship.
C) They disliked the conformity and uniformity of suburban life.
D) They were afraid that a mass exodus to the suburbs would harm urban economies.
E) They worried about the pollution generated by suburban automobile commuters.
The reality behind the Cult of Domesticity was ________.
A) the growing urban population of the nation
B) the accepted use of child labor
C) a growing division between the workplace and the home
D) the increasing acceptance of careers for women
E) the staggering number of women dying during childbirth
As Secretary of Commerce, Herbert Hoover _____.
A) sought to limit government-business relations
B) established a reputation in the area of transportation
C) differed with the policies of Harding and Coolidge
D) pushed for closer relations between government and business
E) was completely unable to accomplish his goals
Where and why did the major demographic shift of the 1920s take place?
A) There was a mass movement of people from the cities to the suburbs.
B) There was a mass movement of people from the rural countryside to cities.
C) The development of mechanization in agricultural production drew populations from
urban centers to more rural areas.
D) People moved in large numbers from urban areas to rural areas.
E) Population shifted from the South to the North.
Which two were the most important developments of the late nineteenth century?
A) the typewriter and calculating machine
B) the telephone and the light bulb
C) factories and the sewing machine
D) the telegraph and processed meat
E) automobiles and the assembly line
Which of the following individuals was NOT an innovator in retailing in the late
nineteenth century?
A) R. H. Macy
B) Cyrus Field
C) John Wanamaker
D) Richard W. Sears
E) Alvah C. Roebuck
Lyman Beecher was especially influential in which one of the following reform
movements?
A) abolition
B) mental asylum reform
C) prison reform
D) public school reform
E) temperance
To finance the war effort, the U.S. government relied primarily on _____.
A) higher income tax rates
B) printing paper money for war debts
C) sales of “Liberty Bonds”
D) new discoveries of gold in Alaska
E) loans from foreign governments
How did the religious beliefs of the Quakers compare to those of the Puritans?
A) Both rejected the Church of England and wanted to separate and form their own new
religions.
B) The Quakers rejected the Church of England in favor of their own form of worship;
the Puritans merely wanted to reform the Church of England.
C) Both considered all people equal in the sight of the Lord and saw no need for a
learned ministry.
D) The Quakers did not seek converts, but simply wanted to practice their own beliefs
peacefully; the Puritans sought to convert people throughout England.
E) Unlike the Quakers, the Puritans felt that there was no need for spiritual leaders,
since one person’s interpretation of the Bible was as valid as anyone else’s.
Which statement best describes how the early French colonists viewed Native
Americans?
A) as obstacles to dominating the fur trade
B) as potential slaves
C) as valuable economic partners
D) as obstacles to settling the land in North America
E) as likely converts to Christianity
President McKinley attempted to direct the Republicans toward ________.
A) inflation through increased currency
B) economic growth with subsidies and tariffs
C) the regulation and control of industry
D) adopting the free coinage of silver
E) decreasing the Treasury’s supply of gold
Why was it difficult for northern abolitionists to develop a practical program that would
eliminate the institution of slavery throughout the country?
A) Southern states generally had much better lawyers than northern states.
B) There was a serious lack of strong northern congressional leadership.
C) The Constitution protected state laws that allowed slavery.
D) Southern plantation owners donated heavily to northern political candidates.
E) The issue of slavery was overshadowed by more pressing problems.
The turning point of the Vietnam War, which convinced U.S. leaders that the war would
end in a stalemate, was the ________.
A) Tet offensive
B) Gulf of Tonkin affair
C) Battle of Pleiku
D) Battle of Haiphong
E) massacre at My Lai
The man who led Great Britain to victory in the Seven Years’ War was ________.
A) Lord North
B) John Trenchard
C) Horatio Nelson
D) King George II
E) William Pitt
Which statement is true of cotton agriculture in the pre-Civil War era?
A) Many planters sought to cultivate an alternative to cotton.
B) Cotton was the most famous crop in the South, but it was not the most profitable.
C) Cotton was a sure investment because cotton prices rarely fluctuated.
D) Many planters worked their land until it was exhausted.
E) Large plantation owners stopped growing cotton and turned to tobacco.