What do we call the learning process when we learn the beliefs and behaviors endorsed
by our own culture?
A) acculturation
B) enculturation
C) immersion
D) modeling
The ________ a group is, the more likely members are to engage in social loafing.
A) more homogeneous
B) smaller
C) bigger
D) less homogeneous
Which of the following is associated with compulsive consumption?
A) anxiety
B) happiness
C) intelligence
D) income
Which of the following best explains why marketers view teens as
“consumers-in-training”?
A) Teenagers have little influence on their families’ purchase decisions, but they
carefully watch and model the consumer behavior of their parents.
B) Marketers typically do not begin targeting consumers until they are teenagers.
C) Teenagers have little discretionary income, so they have few opportunities to make
independent purchase decisions.
D) Teenagers often develop brand loyalty during their adolescence, committing to a
brand and continuing to purchase it for decades to come.
Coca-Cola is most likely an example of a(n) ________ product because it characterizes
an entire category of soft drinks.
A) exemplar
B) criteria
C) heuristic
D) evoked
Which functional area is consistently a part of a cultural system?
A) ecology
B) anthropology
C) psychology
D) technology
The belief that meaning is not fixed but is instead constructed by each individual is part
of the ________ paradigm.
A) positivist
B) pragmatic
C) interpretivist
D) consumerist
________ was first demonstrated in experiments performed on dogs by Ivan Pavlov, a
Russian physiologist doing research on digestion in animals.
A) Instrumental conditioning
B) Classical conditioning
C) Cognitive conditioning
D) Extinction conditioning
Under ________, utility is defined in terms of gains and losses.
A) prospect theory
B) heuristics
C) hyperopia
D) Zipf’s law
Which of the following is NOT one of the consumer rights established in President John
F. Kennedy’s Declaration of Consumer Rights in 1962?
A) right to safety
B) right to be informed
C) right to choice
D) right to desire more
Consumers who are ________ love buying everything in sight.
A) frugal
B) price-sensitive affluents
C) spendthrifts
D) socially stratified
According to the ________ perspective, under the right circumstances a group of
people is smarter than the smartest people within the group.
A) mere exposure phenomenon
B) wisdom of crowds
C) deindividuation
D) normative influence
Our culture’s current fascination with novels and movies such as the Harry Potter
SeriesandThe Lord of the Rings, in which the magician and the patriarch triumph over
the sorcerer and the dictator, emphasizes the importance of ________.
A) consumption motives
B) archetypes
C) extroversion overcoming introversion
D) the superego overcoming the id
Sharon noticed that many of her high-end, outdoor spa customers drive Volvos, a luxury
car known for its safety record and high performance. Which of the following terms
bestillustrates what Sharon has observed in her customers?
A) product complementarity
B) motivational compliance
C) conscientious association
D) parody display
It is quite common for mainstream culture to modify symbols identified with “cutting
edge” subcultures and present these to a larger audience. Such cultural products
undergo a process of ________, by which their original meanings are transformed by
outsiders.
A) innovation
B) transformation
C) diffusion
D) cooptation
A consumer researcher who examines consumers’ lifestyles and personalities is
studying ________.
A) demographics
B) psychographics
C) social class
D) usage rates
________ income is the money available to a household over and above that required
for a comfortable standard of living.
A) Capital
B) Discretionary
C) Net
D) Invidious
In the communications model, the element in which the message originates is the
________.
A) medium
B) source
C) message
D) consumer
A consumer who uses a few simple decision rules to arrive at a purchase decision is
using which of the following?
A) routine decision making
B) habitual decision making
C) graduated response behavior
D) cognitive decision making
Researchers agree that there are various levels of commitment to an attitude. The
highest level of involvement is ________.
A) internalization
B) identification
C) compliance
D) actualization
In the cultural production process, the people who control the flow of information
between producers and customers are called ________.
A) lead users
B) cultural gatekeepers
C) cultural transformers
D) innovators
Shoppers on Amazon.com can search for products using words like “must read” and
“girl power.” These categorizations are based on a ________.
A) folksonomy
B) taxonomy
C) genre
D) milieu
The opinion leader referred to as a(n) ________ is actively involved in transmitting
marketplace information of all types.
A) surrogate consumer
B) innovator
C) monomorphic leader
D) market maven
According to ________ models, we choose products with attributes that match some
aspect of our selves.
A) impression management
B) identity marketing
C) self-fulfilling prophecy
D) self-image congruence
The minimum difference that can be detected between two stimuli is known as the
________.
A) “bare” minimum
B) gradual differentiation
C) j.n.d. (just noticeable difference)
D) graded difference
Jim sees himself as being confident, powerful, and heroic. According to the BrandAsset
Archetypes model developed by ad agency Young & Rubicam, Jim would be classified
as a ________.
A) Patriarch
B) Sage
C) Troubadour
D) Warrior
The U.S. government estimates that approximately ________ of American adults are
overweight or obese.
A) 25 percent
B) 35 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 66 percent
Consumers can be thought of as ________ because they tend to make decisions in the
simplest way possible.
A) high in need for cognition
B) superprocessors
C) utility maximizers
D) cognitive misers
The tendency for people to prefer products from their own culture rather than those of
another culture is called ________.
A) xenophobia
B) ethnocentrism
C) ethnographics
D) altruism
Which of the following theorists is best known for arguing that an individual’s
relationship to the means of production determines his position in society?
A) Karl Marx
B) Max Weber
C) Horatio Alger
D) Thorstein Veblen
A person in the middle class, but with an income at least 15 percent lower than the
median for the middle class, would be known as a(n) ________ consumer.
A) underprivileged
B) invidious
C) restricted
D) conspicuous