Which of the following statements is most likely true about styles?
A) A style typically starts in a large group of people as a safe but unique statement.
B) Styles are often a reflection of more fundamental societal trends.
C) Influential people play only a minor role in deciding which styles will succeed.
D) Styles most often result from a deliberate statement from ordinary consumers that
has been met by a rather spontaneous response from designers.
People who belong to the same social class are most likely to have which of the
following in common?
A) income level
B) personality
C) ethnicity
D) family structure
Families have alternatives in purchasing. In a(n) ________ purchase decision, the group
agrees on the desired purchase, differing only in terms of how it will be achieved.
A) accommodative
B) consensual
C) contemplative
D) authoritarian
Public hearings are being held to discuss whether a new nuclear power plant should be
built. An expert on nuclear plants testifies that modern safeguards make the plant secure
from dangerous accidents. A local woman states that she knows nothing about nuclear
power, but the idea of having a plant nearby frightens her and her children. Which of
the two parties has the most immediate ability to change attitudes of the audience?
Considering the sleeper effect, what will likely happen over time?
A) The expert will have the most ability to change attitudes, and his influence will be
maintained even weeks later.
B) The expert will have the most ability to change attitudes, but his influence will
decrease over time as the woman’s argument gains force.
C) Because the local woman is most like the other people in the meeting, her opinion
will have the most immediate influence, but over time the expert’s opinion will gain
force.
D) The woman’s opinion will be more likely to influence the audience initially, and her
influence will extend into the future.
Which of the following has occurred when a stimulus is able to evoke a weakened
response years after the stimulus was first perceived?
A) spontaneous recovery
B) scripting
C) reverse extinction
D) response bias
A ________ creates a state of tension that drives the consumer to attempt to reduce or
eliminate it.
A) want
B) demand
C) need
D) response
Which theory of attitudes assumes that people assimilate new information about attitude
objects in light of what they already know and feel, using an initial attitude as a frame
of reference to categorize new information?
A) theory of cognitive dissonance
B) multiattribute theory
C) social judgment theory
D) self-perception theory
Les just bought a megaphone of root beer. As he drinks from the giant cup, he
eventually becomes full. One of his friend’s comments, “If you don’t stop drinking that
stuff, you will get sick.” Les replies, “Hey, I bought it, and I am not going to waste one
drop of it.” Les’s behavior could best be described by which of the following mental
biases?
A) loss aversion
B) hyperopia
C) risk positioning
D) the sunk-cost fallacy
In a(n) ________, consumers participate in the production of the products or services
they buy.
A) pop-up store
B) minipreneur shop
C) activity store
D) sharing site
Jenny just posted a tweet on Twitter about how much she loves a new movie. Jenny has
potentially influenced others with ________.
A) word-of-mouth
B) C2C marketing
C) trickle-across promotion
D) viral marketing
Social analyst Thorstein Veblen believed that we buy things to create ________. This
means we use our purchases to inspire envy in others through our display of wealth or
power.
A) affluenza
B) invidious distinction
C) status crystallization
D) cultural capital
According to the definition of learning, how could a researcher ever show that cognitive
learning had taken place in a subject?
A) by removing the conditioned stimulus
B) by measuring a behavioral change that could directly be tied to a previous
experience
C) by measuring the brainwave pattern of the subject
D) by relying upon an intuitive feel for the amount of learning the subject had
experienced
An area in which 500 people live more than a mile from a grocery store in an urban
area or more than 10 miles from a grocery store in a rural area is known as a(n)
________.
A) deserted consumer market
B) food desert
C) truck-specific market
D) unsustainable environment
Ben Perez is driving along a mountain road. In the distance, he sees a road crew
working on a fallen tree that has blocked the highway. When Ben first sees the road
crew, which of the following perceptual processes has been engaged?
A) exposure
B) attention
C) adaptation
D) interpretation
A common practice among advertisers is to create new relationships between objects
and interpretants by inventing new connections between products and benefits. How
would a marketer use hyperreality to find a new use for baking soda?
A) by associating the soda with its ability to absorb odors
B) by associating the soda with a fictional character called Simon Soda
C) by emphasizing the low cost of the soda
D) by informing the customers of the historic importance of baking soda in germ
protection
Fred has been a farmer all his life. He inherited the family farm when he was 35, but
that was twenty years ago. It looks like he is going to lose the farm and have to take a
manual labor job in the city to support his family. What form of mobility best
describesFred’s position?
A) horizontal mobility
B) two-way stretch mobility
C) downward mobility
D) upward mobility
________ refers to the positivity of a person’s self-concept.
A) Social comparison
B) Self-esteem
C) Self-image
D) Self-concept
Which of the following qualities is a requirement for products to qualify for a listing on
Amazon’s Vine website?
A) green
B) blue
C) pink
D) white
Experts that are specialized in a limited number of topics are called ________.
A) market mavens
B) monomorphic
C) polymorphic
D) generalized
Do fear appeal ads work? Which of the following best answers this question?
A) They work well if the threat is very weak.
B) They work if the threat is moderate and when a solution to the problem is presented.
C) They work if the threat is high and vividly elaborated.
D) There is no data to answer the question.
David habitually reaches for his cell phone, thinking that it is vibrating, even when it is
not. David suffers from ________.
A) cyberbullying
B) consumer addiction
C) phantom vibration syndrome
D) attention deficit disorder
What is a major difference between a Generation Y and a Generation X consumer?
A) Generation Y is more alienated from traditional culture than Generation X and is
reached with more cynical promotional themes.
B) There are so many more members of Generation X than Generation Y that promoters
use more mass communications with the Gen Xers and fewer one-on-one promotions.
C) There are no basic differences except what would be expected by their age
differences.
D) Proportionally, less tobacco and alcohol will be purchased and consumed by
Generation Y members than the Generation X cohort.
When we ________ products, we evaluate them using schemas we typically apply to
classify people.
A) prime
B) filter
C) imprint
D) anthropomorphize
When a person buys a product for emotional reasons, we can say that the need is
________.
A) utilitarian
B) functional
C) interdependent
D) hedonic
________ defines a pattern of consumption reflecting a person’s choices on how he or
she spends their time and money.
A) Lifestyle
B) Habitus
C) Social class
D) Cultural capital
Classical conditioning takes place when a(n) ________ is continuously matched with
a(n) ________.
A) conditioned stimulus; conditioned response
B) unconditioned response; conditioned response
C) conditioned stimulus; unconditioned stimulus
D) unconditioned stimulus; unconditioned response
L. L. Bean products are known to be rugged, outdoorsy, tough, athletic, and
dependable. Because the company has worked very hard to establish these thoughts in
the minds of consumers and has spent large sums of money to make sure that their
products maintain the favorable L. L. Bean reputation, L. L. Bean has achieved brand
________ with its products.
A) dynamics
B) animism
C) parity
D) equity
________ refers to a strategy in which a message compares two or more specifically
named or recognizably presented brands and evaluates them in terms of one or more
specific attributes.
A) Cognitive differentiation
B) Emotional appeal
C) Comparative advertising
D) Conclusion advertising
Trisha grew up in a drug-ridden inner-city neighborhood. Through sheer determination
and intelligence, Trisha is now a medical doctor teaching on the staff of a large
university hospital. Trisha is proud of what she has accomplished, but sometimes she
feels like she isn’t quite sure who she really is. The concept of ________ assesses the
impact of such inconsistencies.
A) status crystallization
B) hierogamy
C) habitus
D) invidious distinction
The balance theory perspective involves relations among three elements (a triad).
Which of the following is one of the elements of the triad?
A) a person and his or her perceptions
B) the marketer and its strategy of image building
C) a person’s beliefs
D) subconscious motives
Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals established a new campaign for Yaz birth control to
ensure consumers understand that Yaz does not treat PMS, a claim which had been
made in early Yaz advertisements. Bayer is using ________.
A) cooperative advertising
B) subliminal advertising
C) corrective advertising
D) reminder advertising
________ occurs as marketers appropriate elements of popular culture and convert
them for use as promotional vehicles.
A) Reality engineering
B) Crescive norming
C) Desacralization
D) Product placement
Jason and Mark were talking in class, but so was everyone else. As they continued to
discuss their day’s adventures, it suddenly became clear to them that the teacher was
staring at them. They didn’t realize that the class had been called to order and what was
once only one conversation among many was now disruptive. Jason apologized quickly,
and the teacher resumed her normal activities. This is a good example of how a
consumer’s ability to detect a difference between two stimuli is ________.
A) absolute
B) negligible
C) relative
D) embedded
Many societies, such as the United States, have a tendency to expect women to pursue
________ goals and men to pursue ________ goals.
A) extended self; self-completion
B) communal; agentic
C) social class; self-congruence
D) androgynous; hierarchical
A hot and thirsty customer buys a cool drink and finds it very satisfying. He then buys
another drink even though he had not initially planned on buying two and even though
he is no longer thirsty. This is an example of ________.
A) purchase momentum
B) rational decision making
C) feature creep
D) inertia