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Instructor Resource
Burke, Organization Change, 5th edition
SAGE Publishing, 2018
Chapter 3: A Brief History of Organization Change
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following were contextual influences of Frederick Taylor’s scientific
management?
A. the Industrial Revolution
B. the growth of manufacturing organizations
C. the disciplines of economics and engineering
D. all of these
2. Which of the following is the metaphorical term that best describes how Frederick
Taylor and his contemporaries viewed organizations?
A. a brain
B. a psychic prison
C. a machine
D. none of these
3. Scientific management was based on which of the following four principles?
A. data gathering; worker selection and development; integration of the science and the
trained worker; redivision of the work of the business
B. worker selection and development; integration of the science and the trained worker;
redivision of the work of the business; succession planning
C. data gathering; worker selection and development; integration of the science and the
trained worker; succession planning
D. data gathering; worker selection and development; implementing policies and
procedures; succession planning
4. What was an unexpected finding of the Hawthorne studies?
A. Scientific management was ineffective.
B. The assumed cause-effect linkage between illumination and productivity did not exist.
C. Production only increased when the lighting decreased.
D. There’s no link between productivity and morale.
5. Industrial psychology ______.
A. was mainly concerned with screening and testing and moral and efficiency studies
B. was mainly concerned with leadership development
C. takes an unsystematic approach to organization change
D. applies only to manufacturing organizations
6. The merging of the University of Michigan’s Institute for Social Research and the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Research Center for Group Dynamics resulted
in ______.
A. the first sensitivity training program in the United States
B. the first center devoted entirely to leadership development and training
C. the Hawthorne studies
D. the organizational survey feedback method
7. Organization surveys can be used to ______.
A. organizational diagnosis
B. assess employees’ perceptions
C. give feedback to organization management and employees
D. all of these
8. Sensitivity training ______.
A. is another term for T-groups and laboratory training
B. is another term for T-groups but not laboratory training
C. is another term for laboratory training but not T-groups
D. none of these
9. Which of the following teaches participants how their behaviors appear to others and
how their behaviors impact others?
A. sociotechnical systems
B. industrial psychology
C. sensitivity training
D. organization development
10. Organization development is an outgrowth of ______.
A. sociotechnical systems and industrial psychology
B. sociotechnical systems and sensitivity training
C. sensitivity training and industrial psychology
D. the management grid
11. The approach to organization change known as organization development (OD)
combines ______.
A. scientific management with industrial psychology
B. scientific management with sociotechnical systems
C. the managerial grid and sociotechnical systems
D. applied behavioral science and action research
12. Sociotechnical systems ______.
A. focus on the interdependence of workers and the tools they use
B. focus on how computer technology changes the way people work
C. is irrelevant to organization change
D. is too controversial to be taken seriously as an organization change method
13. Which of the following researchers determined that leadership’s two primary
functions are the initiation of structure and consideration?
A. Blake and Mouton
B. Likert
C. Fleishman
D. French and Bell
14. Which of the following researchers developed a managerial grid that built upon the
research that determined leadership’s two primary functions are the initiation of
structure and consideration?
A. Blake and Mouton
B. Likert
C. Fleishman
D. French and Bell
8
15. According to Blake and Mouton, the two most common barriers to organizational
effectiveness are ______.
A. untrained managers and poor employee attitudes
B. employee attitudes and poorly defined goals
C. communication problems and a lack of planning
D. organization change and development
16. To effect planned organization change, OD practitioners recommend using a
______ approach.
A. systematic
B. predictable
C. both A and B
D. none of these
17. Coercion and confrontation are ______.
Instructor Resource
Burke, Organization Change, 5th edition
SAGE Publishing, 2018
9
A. irrelevant to insights into bringing about organization change
B. recommended methods for disenfranchised groups to bring about organization
change
C. recommended methods for management to use to bring about organization change
D. none of these
18. James O. McKinsey is known for ______.
A. writing the first book about organization management
B. his research contributions to organization change
C. establishing the first professional service firm devoted to management consulting in
the United States
D. his research contributions to leadership development and effectiveness
19. The roots of management consulting started with ______.
A. Frederick Taylor
Instructor Resource
Burke, Organization Change, 5th edition
SAGE Publishing, 2018
10
B. Ronald Lippitt
C. Robert Blake
D. James O. McKinsey
20. Which of the following is not a major consideration in planning and implementing
organization change?
A. employee attitudes
B. how management treats employees
C. how management communicates with employees
D. the organization culture and system(s)
E. all of these are major considerations in planning and implementing organization
change
21. Though started to explore another hypothesis, the Hawthorne Studies series of
experiments clearly demonstrated the importance of ______.
A. the relationship between coworkers
Instructor Resource
Burke, Organization Change, 5th edition
SAGE Publishing, 2018
11
B. the importance of worker attitude
C. improvement of working conditions
D. the necessity for a follow-on series of experiments
22. Rather than demonstrating the effects of illumination, the Hawthorne studies result
found that ______.
A. the meaning of a change is likely to be as important as the change itself
B. the actual change was paramount
C. change in illumination was important
D. none of these
23. The Survey Research Center was founded by ______.
A. Kurt Lewin
B. Stephen Gallup
C. Rensis Likert
Instructor Resource
Burke, Organization Change, 5th edition
SAGE Publishing, 2018
D. Kelly and Conway
24. The survey feedback method involves ______.
A. the survey and feedback
B. interlocking chain
C. conferences
D. all of these
25. Survey feedback is a primary method of ______.
A. systematic understanding
B. employee perceptions and processing
C. leveraging organization change
D. a change mechanism
