The belief that all members of a specific group share the same traits and behaviors
describes:
A) selective perception.
B) stereotyping.
C) halo effect.
D) similar-to-me error.
How can we minimize bias in social perception and promote more accurate perceptions
of people?
A) Make more correspondent inferences.
B) Categorize and use your stereotypes more carefully.
C) Make more causal attributions and fewer correspondent inferences.
D) Do not overlook the external causes of behavior.
“High Machs” are most likely to get their own way:
A) in loosely structured situations, with few established rules.
B) when people victimized by them talk about it, creating fear of their successes.
C) when others pay attention to their actions rather than their words.
D) in all of the above situations.
One way a team differs from a group has to do with:
A) the mutual accountability a team has.
B) the different developmental stages a team goes through.
C) the higher level of cohesiveness a group has.
D) the types of roles played by members.
All of the following are examples of win-win solutions EXCEPT:
A) avoiding unreasonable offers.
B) seeking common ground.
C) uncovering the “real” issues.
D) narrowing the scope of issues considered.
________ focuses on the ways of changing situational control variables when it is
impractical to change leaders.
A) The LMX approach
B) Leader match
C) The multifactor Leadership Questionnaire
D) Situational leadership
John has an idea he wishes to communicate to Mary. He thinks it out and writes down
his thoughts in a letter. John is engaging in the process of:
A) decoding.
B) transmitting.
C) encoding.
D) sending.
When a prospective employee has many job options available, which type of
commitment is affected?
A) Continuance commitment
B) Affective commitment
C) Normative commitment
D) Associative commitment
The process of learning to clear one’s mind of external thoughts is called:
A) relaxation training.
B) meditation.
C) coping.
D) focusing.
An employee of a company is badly hurt in an accident. When his disability insurance
runs out, a fellow employee anonymously gives him enough money to live for six more
months until he’s able to return to work. The giver does not expect to be identified or
repaid. This is an example of:
A) altruism.
B) organizational citizenship behavior.
C) an individualistic approach to cooperation.
D) civic virtue.
Incentive plans in which employees receive bonuses in proportion to the company’s
profitability are called:
A) profit-sharing plans.
B) gain-sharing plans.
C) bonus plans.
D) optimization plans.
In 2009, the overall percentage of men and women in the work force was reported to
be:
A) equal.
B) divergent.
C) growing.
D) stationary.
Group cohesion can have a number of consequences, including:
A) leading a group to work against organizational interests.
B) enjoyment of group membership at the expense of productivity.
C) self-destruction due to infighting for control of the group.
D) All of these.
Table 10.2
Decision makers have a number of options available to them as to how to categorize
and make decisions. Ray selected his job because he thought it simply felt like the right
place to work. The organization and job seemed to fit his values and career goals. When
the secretary that reports to Ray in his new job decides that she needs office supplies,
she calls up central purchasing and places an order. But in order to get the new
computer software she wants for her job, she has to get Ray to sign off on the purchase.
After six months on the job Ray concludes that he needs an assistant. He writes up the
job description, receives permission to recruit for the position. He receives about 150
resumes in the mail. He sets up interviews with the top 10 candidates. As he is
interviewing candidate number four, he decides he meets all the criteria and offers him
the job, which he accepts.
Refer to Table 10.2. The decision-making model Ray seems to be using in his
recruiting/hiring efforts is the:
A) traditional analytical model.
B) rational-economic model.
C) administrative model.
D) image theory model.
The level of uncertainty in a decision can be reduced by:
A) increasing the information available from which to make the decision.
B) increasing the number of decision makers involved.
C) giving decision-making authority to consultants.
D) delaying the decision until a later time.
The friendship and support of others that helps minimize stress is referred to as:
A) work support.
B) kinship.
C) social support.
D) None of the above.
________ are computer programs that help decision makers structure their responses to
decisions.
A) Decision support systems
B) Heuristics
C) Programmed decision models
D) Administrative modeling systems
If an individual is primarily concerned with maximizing joint outcomes, his/her
personal orientation toward cooperation is most likely to be:
A) competitive.
B) individualistic.
C) cooperative.
D) altruistic.
________ is the tendency for people to give too little credit to others when things are
going poorly and too much credit when things are going well.
A) Bounded rationality
B) Person sensitivity bias
C) Escalation of commitment
D) Hindsight bias
Betsy is creating a mission statement and focusing on motivation. She is ________ for
innovation.
A) setting the agenda
B) setting the stage
C) producing the ideas
D) testing and implementing the ideas
Karen is the kind of leader who makes decisions unilaterally and closely supervises the
activities of her subordinates. Her leadership behavior is that of a:
A) directive democrat.
B) directive autocrat.
C) permissive democrat.
D) permissive autocrat.
________ are simple rules of thumb used to help make quick decisions about complex
problems.
A) Heuristics
B) Programmed decisions
C) Educational guesses
D) Framing guidelines
Which of the following laws specifies guidelines for judges to follow?
A) Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
B) False Claims Act
C) Sarbanes-Oxley
D) Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations
When companies are so serious about training that they form their own centers to
handle the company’s training full-time, they are pursuing:
A) corporate universities.
B) executive training.
C) leadership training.
D) apprenticeship programs.
Revising the basic way that business is done is an example of what target of
innovation?
A) Service innovation
B) Business model innovation
C) Organizational innovation
D) Marketing innovation
“High Machs” will perform better than “low Machs” on jobs that are:
A) highly structured.
B) loosely structured.
C) stable, low in emotional content.
D) All of the above.
To develop self-awareness, leaders should use:
A) assessment centers.
B) 360-degree feedback.
C) coaching.
D) mentoring.
A large organization that consists of sets of autonomous units coordinated by a central
headquarters is an example of a ________.
A) model of divergence
B) divisional structure
C) professional bureaucracy
D) QWL structure
A person who prefers complex problems and is willing to use innovative methods
would be most likely to use the ________.
A) directive style of making decisions
B) analytical style of making decisions
C) conceptual style of making decisions
D) behavioral style of making decisions
Plans that help employees with problems such as substance abuse, career planning, and
legal problems are called:
A) stress management programs.
B) organizational citizenship programs.
C) employee assistance programs.
D) None of these.
Studies of group communication when group members are seated at a table:
A) the location one chooses around a table has no impact on his/her communication
possibilities.
B) people who sit at the head of the table often emerge as the leaders of groups.
C) leaders emerge from the seat closest to the head of the table on the right side.
D) a group leader has the most power and the most effective communication from a
position in the middle of a table.
Today’s business analysts claim that the business environment is experiencing:
A) organizational fragmentation, breaking large companies into small entities.
B) another industrial revolution.
C) cultural transformation.
D) first-order change.