The principle of ________ helps preserve the concept of an unbroken line of authority.
A) span of control
B) departmentalization
C) cross-functionality
D) centralization
E) unity of command
Karen graduated from college four years ago and has been working at Betaphy Inc. ever
since. She has consistently received good performance evaluations for the quality of her
work. She recently found out that her company hired a fresh college graduate with no
experience at a salary higher than hers. Which of the following theories will Karen most
likely use to evaluate this situation?
A) reinforcement
B) goal setting
C) equity
D) expectancy
E) operant conditioning
At the PR firm where Gerald works, everyone considers him to be very good with his
work and depends heavily on his knowledge to help the organization to solve its
problems. Gerald is often seen teaching interns a simpler way to present an article,
helping project managers with scheduling, and even the CEO often asks him for his
opinion on important matter because of his experience and skill. Gerald’s specialized
knowledge depicts his ________.
A) expert power
B) coercive power
C) legitimate power
D) referent power
E) reward power
________ involves evaluating one’s performance against the performance of one or
more others.
A) BARS
B) The critical incident method
C) An assessment center evaluation
D) Forced comparison
E) Likert analysis
Which of the following terms best describes the tendency to underestimate the
influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when
making judgments about the behavior of others?
A) fundamental attribution error
B) bandwagon effect
C) contrast effect
D) emotional dissonance
E) self-fulfilling prophecy
Which of the following is true with regard to leadership?
A) It maximizes the importance of lateral and upward influence patterns.
B) It eliminates the requirement of goal compatibility.
C) It stimulates research in the area of tactics of influence.
D) It focuses on downward influence on followers.
E) It encourages dependence of followers on leaders.
Cultures that tend to develop in large organizations to reflect common problems or
experiences faced by the members in the same department or location are often called
________.
A) micro-cultures
B) subcultures
C) divisional cultures
D) microcosms
E) countercultures
Servant leadership reflects the ________.
A) traditional view that followers are expected to serve the leaders
B) task-oriented approach to leadership
C) use of empathy, listening, and persuasion by leaders
D) Western prototype of a leader who gives orders to followers
E) tendency of leaders to prioritize their interests over the interests of their employees
Treesa Mayering recently began her first job at a PR firm called Pro as a copywriter.
Her job involves creating scripts for press releases, advertisements, and other media
events. She has been working under the guidance of Will Preston, the senior copywriter.
Treesa, who has no prior experience in this job, had worked on scripts for
advertisements and online brochures alone when she was asked to work on a press
release for the first time. Will reviewed Treesa’s script and sent her an e-mail full of
detailed corrections, which she promptly implemented. However, when Will looked at
the script later, he felt that it did not represent a significant improvement of her first
draft. Which of the following, if true, would best explain this outcome?
A) The feedback provided by Will was not elaborate and comprehensive enough.
B) Treesa took a lot of time to implement Will’s corrections and revise her script.
C) Treesa was hired because she demonstrated considerable analytical and creative
thinking skills in her pre-employment tests.
D) Will routinely e-mailed feedback on scripts for advertisements, online brochures,
and press releases to his team members.
E) Will believed that Treesa’s understanding of his e-mailed feedback would be
accurate.
Carol Zelner, the manager of a small event management company, is known for her
efficiency. She provides the team with clearly defined tasks, guidelines, and directives.
Further, she is always available to provide feedback or resolve troubles. Recently, with
Carol on leave for about three weeks, the team had a lot of problems. The team
members lacked the requisite information on client details, locations, and budgets and
had to repeatedly cross-check with each other or the clients. Which of the following, if
true, would best explain the problems faced by Carol’s team currently?
A) Members of Carol’s team have a high degree of satisfaction with their role in the
team’s communication.
B) Carol selects employees for her company by evaluating their personality traits to
ensure that they fit well into the team-based environment of the company.
C) Carol encourages all group members to actively communicate with each other.
D) Carol’s team primarily consists of individuals from low-context cultures.
E) The communication in Carol’s team follows the approach represented by a wheel
network.