The expectancy theory of motivation states that people naturally direct their effort
towards behaviors they believe are most likely to lead to desired outcomes.
Employees are more likely to engage in self-monitoring in companies that emphasize
infrequent measurement of performance.
Intellectual capital represents the stock of knowledge held by an organization.
Servant leadership occurs when employees believe that their energy is put into serving
their leader rather than accomplishing organizational objectives.
Feedback can be more frequent when employees perform jobs with short rather than
long cycle time.
When in a positive mood, people pay more attention to details and follow a
nonprogrammed decision routine.
Skilled negotiators prefer using e-mail, videoconferences, and other forms of electronic
communication when negotiating, rather than meeting face-to-face.
Organizational stories are the programmed routines of daily organizational life that
dramatize an organization’s culture.
Successful entrepreneurs tend to have a high need for achievement.
Employee benefits such as reward systems cannot replace or reduce the need for
task-oriented leadership.
The best organizational practices are those built on the notion that organizations are
closed systems.
According to social identity theory, people tend to:
A. receive information and make sense of the world around them.
B. perceive that their own actions are due to the situation, whereas the behaviors of
other people are mainly due to their motivation and ability.
C. believe that people in their own groups share common traits.
D. think that they are distinct from people in the social groups to which they have a
connection.
E. refer to something about themselves as separate individuals.
Trendy FashionsTrendy Fashions, a large retail chain, is experiencing conflict and
organizational politics among its managers. The company’s customer service ratings are
suffering and managers are pointing to other departments as the cause of the problem.
The conflicts and politics are further contributing to the customer service problems. The
CEO of this chain has just heard about the appreciative inquiry process and thinks this
might be a good technique to use to improve this situation. He needs more information
on this process.The CEO will need to know that the first step in his appreciative inquiry
change effort will begin with:
A. determining the cause of the problem.
B. determining whether there exists a problem that needs to be fixed.
C. involving employees in the process of unfreezing.
D. identifying the positive elements of the organization or work unit that is performing
well.
E. creating a common image among participants of what should be in their own
organization.
Employees, suppliers, and governments:
A. are organizational stakeholders.
B. are rarely considered in organizational behavior theories.
C. represent the three levels of analysis in organizational behavior.
D. are excluded from the open systems anchor.
E. are independent units in an organizational set up.
Which of the following is most consistent with employability€namely, that employees
are expected to continuously learn skills that will keep them employed?
A. Job evaluation systems
B. Job status rewards
C. Competency-based rewards
D. Individual performance-based rewards
E. Membership-based rewards
Which of the following statements is true about situations involving equity judgments?
A. People avoid having a comparison other.
B. People tend to be tolerant of situations where they are under-rewarded.
C. People have a low E-to-P expectancy.
D. People feel more comfortable in situations where they receive proportionately more
than others.
E. People believe that their outcome/input ratio should be similar to the outcome/input
ratio of the comparison other.
Which of the following statements is true about human capital in an organization?
A. Human capital helps the organization use opportunities more than realizing them.
B. Existence of human capital increases the threats in the external environment.
C. Human capital is non-substitutable though it is abundant.
D. Human capital is independent of the challenges of the external environment.
E. It is a key variable in the HPWP model of organizational effectiveness.
When work activities are too complex to standardize through procedures or goals,
companies often coordinate work effort:
A. through direct supervision.
B. by extensively training employees.
C. by giving one employee most of the tasks previously divided among many people.
D. through further division of labor.
E. through formal hierarchy.
Which of the following is a verbal symbol of cultural values?
A. Speeches at ceremonies
B. Expressions of anger
C. Shared assumptions
D. Beliefs
E. Rituals
André is a doctor who is quick to mention that he is a doctor when he first meets
other people. He also tends to perceive himself and other physicians in a more favorable
way than nurses and non-medical staff. Which concept best explains André ‘s
perceptual process?
A. Attribution theory
B. Social identity theory
C. Self-fulfilling prophecy
D. Perceptual defense
E. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Conflict is best defined as:
A. any event where two parties demonstrate their dislike of each other.
B. any occasion where both parties perceive each other as a threat to achieving the other
party’s goals.
C. a process in which one party perceives that its interests are being opposed or
negatively affected by another party.
D. any event where one party acts in a way that prevents another party from achieving
its goals.
E. a process in which each party tries to learn the resistance point of the other party.
Which of the following has the same meaning around the world?
A. Silence
B. Shaking one’s head
C. Smiling
D. Raising one’s eyebrows
E. Eye contact
Charisma refers to:
A. the personal traits that provide referent power over others.
B. the traits that lead to managerial leadership.
C. the situational traits that lead to transformational leadership.
D. the people-oriented behaviors displayed by individuals.
E. any situation where followers attribute positive things to leaders who do not really
deserve this credit.
The topic of ethics is most closely associated with the _____ perspective.
A. stakeholder
B. systems
C. high-performance work practices
D. open systems anchor
E. contingency