1) Action potentials are electrical signals that are conducted down the axon of a neuron.
2) When someone is emotionally aroused, the hippocampus plays a modulatory role in
strengthening the consolidation of amygdala-based memory.
3) Single axons of the corticospinal tract can extend for more than one meter.
4) In neurologically intact people, we can restrict information to only the left
hemisphere by presenting it visually in the right visual field.
5) When performing a single-cell recording, researchers typically carefully insert a thin
electrode through the cell membrane into the interior of a neuron.
6) People with frontal lobe lesions are often impaired in organizing and segregating
events in memory.
7) With time, people who experience a hemiplegia typically experience a full recovery.
8) Dendrites, which are large treelike processes extending from a neuron, are said to be
presynaptic.
9) Before a movement is initiated, the population vector in the motor cortex has already
shifted in the direction of the planned movement.
10) The term commissure refers to the white matter tracts that connect the brain and
spinal cord.
11) The amplitude of an action potential is directly proportional to the size of the initial
depolarization that produced it.
12) Patients with associative agnosia can typically describe the functions of objects if
they are given the names of the objects verbally.
13) Category-specific deficits may be an emergent property of the fact that different
kinds of information are needed to recognize living and nonliving objects.
14) If the sum of the excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) causes a postsynaptic
neuron to reach its threshold, then the postsynaptic neuron will generate an action
potential.
15) Unlike the visual system, auditory information does not pass through the thalamus
on the way to the cortex.
16) The particular region of space in which a stimulus must be presented to evoke a
response from a given neuron is its
a.topographic map.
b. sensory homunculus.
c.receptive field.
d. baseline space.
17) __________ refers to the ability to choose certain sensory inputs for further
information processing while ignoring others.
a. Vigilance
b. Arousal
c. Visual search
d. Selective attention
18) Studies of attention employing the P1 waveform and the N1 waveform suggest that
a. both vision and audition involve a late-selection mechanism.
b. both vision and audition involve an early-selection mechanism.
c. visual attention primarily involves early selection, whereas auditory attention
primarily involves late selection.
d. auditory attention primarily involves early selection, whereas visual attention
primarily involves late selection.
19) Of the following choices, the strongest evidence for a link between the sense of
smell and the triggering of memories is the observation that
a.the olfactory cortex has direct connectivity to the limbic cortex.
b. the olfactory cortex has direct connectivity to area MT.
c.people with damage to the basal ganglia have compromised odor recognition.
d. people with damage to the cerebellum have compromised odor recognition.
20) A neural event occurs at 1:00 p.m. Libets backward referral hypothesis suggests that
awareness is assigned to what time?
a.500 milliseconds before 1:00 p.m.
b. Exactly 1:00 p.m.
c.500 milliseconds after 1:00 p.m.
d. 10 seconds before 1:00 p.m.
21) The central sulcus is an anatomical landmark that separates the lobe from the lope.
a.temporal ; frontal
b. frontal ; parietal
c.parietal ; occipital
d. occipital ; temporal
22) Two main types of projections extend from the cell body of a neuron.
receive inputs from other neurons, while __________ send information to other
neurons. __________ __________
a. synapses ; glia
b. axons ; dendrites
c. glia ; synapses
d. dendrites ; axons
23) Deficits in memory as a function of brain damage, disease, or psychological trauma
are known collectively as
a. aphasia.
b. agnosia.
c. anomia.
d. amnesia.
24) Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) affects brain function by
a.altering neuronal polarization.
b. increasing binding to a radioactive tracer.
c.transcranial magnetic stimulation.
d. knocking-out genes.
25) As a result of a brain injury to the medial temporal lobes and neighboring
subcortical structures, a patient exhibits a number of cognitive and behavioral changes.
Of the options here, which is the LEAST likely to be affected?
a.memory
b. emotional processing
c. learning
d. somatosensation
26) According to research by Wolfe and colleagues (2000), visual search is slowest
when
a. the focus of attention is driven by voluntary, controlled search.
b. the focus of attention is driven by the sensory information.
c. the number of distracters in the display is large.
d. the number of features in the display is large.
27) The primary functional problem that results from damage to the attentional network
and that produces neglect syndrome is that patients
a. fail to process sensory information from the ipsilesional side of space.
b. fail to process sensory information from the contralesional side of space.
c. cannot disengage attention from information in the ipsilesional side of space.
d. cannot disengage attention from information in the contralesional side of space.
28) Which of the following best describes a case that depends primarily on prosodic
aspects of language?
a.The ability to recognize the characteristic rise that occurs at the end of a sentence in a
speakers voice when she asks a question.
b. The ability to discriminate between homophones like blue and blew when they are
used in sentences.
c.The ability to pronounce head correctly, even though it is an irregular word.
d. The ability to retrieve the correct name associated with a familiar pictured face.
29) According to Edward Thorndike, which of the following is NOT true about
rewards?
a.They indicate which creatures have malleable structures in the brain.
b. They help to stamp things into the mind.
c.They lead to adaptive learning.
d. They are part of the law of effect.
30)
Ventromedialprefrontalcortexinvolves____________valuationwhereasdorsolateralprefr
ontalcortexinvolvesmore______________valuation.
a.controlled ; automatic
b. automatic ; controlled
c.long-term ; short-term
d. short-term ; long-term
31) The loss of a motor skill that cannot be attributed to hemiplegia, muscle weakness,
sensory deficits, or motivation is called
a. hemiparesis.
b. hypermetria.
c. apraxia.
d. akinetopsia.
32) Which of the following people played the LEAST direct role in the development of
the electroencephalogram?
a.Hans Berger
b. Willem Einthoven
c. Richard Canton
d. Hermann von Helmholtz
33) The amygdala responds to fearful facial expressions
a. regardless of whether the face is consciously perceived.
b. only in cases where the face is consciously perceived.
c. only in cases where the face is not consciously perceived.
d. more strongly if the face is consciously perceived.
34) Phineas Gage, who suffered injury to the orbitofrontal cortex, experienced changes
in all of the following areas as a result of his injury EXCEPT
a.inhibition of inappropriate social behavior.
b. performance on cognitive tests.
c.planning of complex behaviors.
d. personality and temperament.
35) People are better at identifying a briefly presented letter on a computer screen if the
letter is
a __________ .
a vowel rather than a consonant.
b. presented as part of a word.
c. processed serially.
d. printed in colored ink.
36) The idea that the prefrontal cortex filters out and inhibits irrelevant information is
supported by the
ERP findings of Knight and Grabowecky(1995), who found that patients with prefrontal
lesions
Produced____________in response to ignored tones during a listening task
b. larger evoked potentials
c.evoked potentials that were longer in duration
d. evoked potentials that were briefer in duration