All of the following statements refer to regulatory T cells except ____.
a.they produce anti-inflammatory cytokines
b.they express elevated levels of CD25
c.they express FoxP3
d.they enhance the production of new effector T cells
e.they suppress the function of existing T cells
Which of the following pairs is mismatched? (Select all that apply.)
a.appendix: large intestine
b.mesenteric lymph nodes: urogenital tract
c.effector compartment: induction of adaptive immune responses
d.adenoids: base of nose
e.villi: small intestine
f.Peyer’s patches: afferent lymphatics.
Bacterial vaccines differ from viral vaccines in that only in bacterial vaccines are _____
used. (Select all that apply.)
a.subunit components
b.toxoids
c.whole infectious components
d.capsular polysaccharides
e.capsule:carrier protein conjugates.
Which of the following do not associate with one another during B-cell development?
a.IL-7: IL-7 receptor of late pro-B cells
b.Pax-5: CD19 gene
c.surrogate light chain: heavy chain
d.VpreB: 5
e.SCF: Kit
f.pre-B-cell receptor: Ig and Ig
Which of the following is a characteristic of B-2 cells?
a.They are sometimes referred to as CD5 B cells.
b.They comprise only 5% of the B-cell repertoire.
c.In adults, they are renewed by cell division in the peripheral circulation.
d.They are located primarily in secondary lymphoid organs.
e.They are not dependent on T helper cells for activation.
Which of the following cleaves C2? (Select all that apply.)
a.Factor B
b.C1r
c.MASP-2
d.C1s
e.C4b.
What is the name given to the earliest intracellular vesicle that contains material opsonized
by macrophages?
a.opsonome
b.membrane-attack complex
c.lysosome
d.phagosome
e.phagolysosome.
Effector cells that secrete antibodies are known as _____.
a.natural killer cells
b.cytotoxic T cells
c.helper T cells
d.M cells
e.plasma cells
f.regulatory T cells.
A.Describe in detail the mechanism responsible for mast-cell activation during a type I
hypersensitivity reaction.
B.What are the products of mast-cell activation?
RhoGAM is administered to pregnant RhD– women so as to _____. (Select all that apply.)
a.stimulate only anti-RhD IgM antibody
b.cause selective removal of anti-RhD memory B cells from the maternal circulation
c.inhibit a primary immune response to RhD antigen
d.block transcytosis of IgG to fetal circulation by interfering with FcRn function
e.prevent hemolytic anemia of the newborn
Identify which of the following would be sufficient to activate NK cells.
a.NKG2A and CD94
b.NKG2D and 2B4
c.KIR2DL1 and KIR3DL1
d.CD56 and LFA-1.
Of the Fc receptors for IgG, which one is similar to FcµRI in its ability to bind antibody in
the absence of antigen but does not transduce an activating signal until antigen
cross-linking occurs?
a.Fc RI
b.Fc RIIA
c.Fc RIIB2
d.Fc RIIB1
e.Fc RIII.
Which of the following is not a function of antibodies?
a.They neutralize pathogens by masking their surface.
b.They act as molecular adaptors that bridge together pathogen and phagocyte surfaces.
c.They exert toxic effects directly.
d.They act as opsonins that mediate phagocytosis.
e.They activate complement fixation.
Describe (A) five ways in which T-cell receptors are similar to immunoglobulins, and (B)
five ways in which they are different (other than the way in which they recognize antigen).
Clonal expansion and differentiation of naive T cells to effector T cells depends on the
activation of the transcription factor(s) _____ through a ZAP-70-mediated signal
transduction pathway. (Select all that apply.)
a.AP-1
b.IL-2
c.NF B
d.NFAT
e.Ras.
All of the following are X-linked immunodeficiencies except _____.
a.Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome caused by deficiency of WASP
b.hyper IgM syndrome caused by deficiency of CD40 ligand
c.lymphoproliferative syndrome caused by deficiency of SH2D1A
d. Higashi syndrome caused by deficiency of CHS1
e.agammaglobulinemia caused by deficiency of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase
f.SCID caused by deficiency of common γchain.
The _____ refers to the complete set of HLA alleles that a person possesses on a particular
chromosome 6 .
a.isoform
b.isotype
c.oligomorph
d.allotype
e.haplotype.
Which of the following describes a ligand for an T-cell receptor?
a.carbohydrate:MHC complex
b.lipid:MHC complex
c.peptide:MHC complex
d.all of the above
e.none of the above.