Louis Pasteur developed the vaccine(s) for
A) anthrax.
B) fowl cholera.
C) rabies.
D) anthrax, fowl cholera, and rabies.
Which is most abundant and active in divisome complexes?
A) FtsZ
B) DNA replication forks
C) MinCD
D) MreB
The most severe and fatal form of anthrax is
A) cutaneous anthrax.
B) inhalation anthrax.
C) intestinal anthrax.
D) zoonotic anthrax.
The packaging mechanism of T4 DNA involves cutting of DNA from
A) linear genetic elements.
B) circular genetic elements.
C) DNA concatemers.
D) its host cells.
Which of the following can be completely degraded to carbon dioxide by
microorganisms?
A) petroleum
B) uranium
C) chlorinated organics
D) petroleum and chlorinated organics
Which of the following is more likely to cause urinary tract infections?
A) fimbriated strains of Escherichia coli
B) non-fimbriated strains of Escherichia coli
C) both fimbriated and non-fimbriated strains of Escherichia coli
D) None of the answers are correct.
Which of the following methods to enumerate cells often requires specialized staining
to observe non-pigmented bacteria?
A) spectrophotometry/turbidity
B) spread-plating
C) microscopy
D) spread-plating, turbidity, and microscopy
The first defense cells that interact with a pathogen in the body are
A) T cells.
B) macrophages.
C) B cells.
D) mast cells.
Quorum sensing generally follows the mechanism of which type of regulation?
A) feedback inhibition
B) negative transcriptional regulation
C) positive transcriptional regulation
D) two-component regulation system
The time interval required for the formation of two cells from one is called the
A) generation time.
B) growth time.
C) growth rate.
D) division rate.
In aerobic respiration, the final electron acceptor is
A) hydrogen.
B) oxygen.
C) water.
D) ATP.
Which of the following bacterial pathogens is found in aquatic environments and is
commonly present in air conditioning systems?
A) Enterobacter aerogenes
B) Klebsiella pneumoniae
C) Legionella pneumophila
D) Vibrio cholerae
What type of vector can replicate and be maintained stably in two (or more) unrelated
host organisms?
A) virus
B) expression
C) shuttle
D) integrating
In contrast to chlorophylls, carotenoids function
A) as accessory pigments that enable absorption of energy from higher wavelengths.
B) primarily as photoprotection (but they also transfer some absorbed energy into
reaction centers).
C) to convert reactive oxygen species into usable energy.
D) to quench toxic oxygen species.
The only organisms that perform photosynthesis are ones that produce some form of
A) chlorophyll or bacteriochlorophyll.
B) carotenoids.
C) phycoerythrin.
D) phycocyanin.
The unconventional dsDNA genome replication mechanism where no lagging strand
exists is a hallmark of which group of viruses?
A) adenoviruses
B) coronaviruses
C) herpes viruses
D) pox viruses
Genes that encoded for polymerases, gyrases, ribosomal proteins, and other proteins
essential to replication, transcription, and translation are present on
A) chromosomes.
B) plasmids.
C) chromosomes and plasmids.
D) neither chromosomes nor plasmids.
Capsules are particularly important for
A) making bacteria more vulnerable to host defense mechanisms.
B) making bacteria less pathogenic.
C) protecting bacteria from host defense mechanisms.
D) allowing bacteria to become more phagocytic.
Bacteremia is a term used
A) to indicate the presence of bacteria in the blood.
B) synonymously with septicemia.
C) when the same organism is isolated from more than one site.
D) to indicate the presence of bacteria in the lungs.
The change in Gibbs free energy for a particular reaction is MOST useful in
determining
A) the amount of energy catalysts required for biosynthesis or catabolism.
B) the potential metabolic reaction rate.
C) whether there will be a requirement or production of energy.
D) energy stored in each compound.
What characteristics make a gene a good candidate for determining the evolutionary
relationships between organisms?
A) highly conserved
B) universally distributed
C) transferred horizontally between species
D) highly conserved and universally distributed
Several rhizobial species within a cross-inoculation group should be able to grow with
particular legume species such as alfalfa. However, the same cross-inoculation group
would be unable to associate with another legume species such as peas.
Microbes are involved in which step(s) of wastewater treatment?
A) primary only
B) secondary and tertiary
C) secondary only
D) primary and secondary
The ocean has mitigated the impact of anthropogenic carbon dioxide production by
A) absorbing 500 billion tons of atmospheric carbon dioxide.
B) absorbing over 80% of the trapped heat energy.
C) storing 600 billion tons of organic carbon.
D) absorbing 500 billion tons of atmospheric carbon dioxide and over 80% of the
trapped heat energy.
A gram-negative, polarly flagellated, aerobic bacillus-shaped bacterium that can
degrade a large variety or aromatic compounds is likely a(n)
A) actinobacterium.
B) enteric.
C) pseudomonad.
D) sphingomonad.
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Microbial cells exist as single cells.
B) Microbial cells carry out their life processes of growth independently.
C) Microbial cells include both bacteria and viruses.
D) Microbial cells exclude the cells of plants and animals.
Some virus shapes that infect members of Archaea are unique from other viruses that
infect eukaryotes and bacteria.
The component that enriches chocolate agar is
A) chocolate.
B) methyl brown indicator dye.
C) heat-lysed blood cells.
D) None of the answers are correct.
Plasmids often encode for proteins
A) involved in translation.
B) required for cellular growth.
C) that confer resistance to antibiotics.
D) involved in DNA replication.
A(n) ________ is a group of sequentially interacting proteins important in innate and
adaptive immunity.
A) complement
B) opsonin
C) inflammation
D) regeneration
Which of the following microbial groups is MOST resistant to desiccation due to their
cell wall?
A) gram-positive
B) gram-negative
C) mycoplasmas
D) viruses
While wastewater is in an activated sludge tank, much of the organic matter is
A) oxidized.
B) adsorbed to the floc.
C) incorporated into microbial cells.
D) oxidized, adsorbed to the floc, and incorporated into microbial cells.
Hybridization requires a nucleic acid probe that binds to DNA or RNA of interest,
which must be in the ________ form for hybridization to occur.
A) single-stranded
B) double-stranded
C) oligomerized
D) polymerized